Permanent Ground Movement Associated with the 1992 M

Permanent Ground Movement Associated with the 1992 M
Author: Ross S. Stein
Publisher:
Total Pages: 54
Release: 1994
Genre: Bench-marks
ISBN:

A critical element of the Humboldt County infrastructure is its vertical control network. The positions of bench marks (BMs) in the network are used for cadastral, roadways, engineering, and flood plain surveys. At the request of the Department of Public Works of Humboldt County, 333 km of the network nearest the 1992 Cape Mendocino earthquake was resurveyed by the National Geodetic Survey in late 1992, with 100 new BMs emplaced. Comparing the new heights with those measured before 1992 gives the vertical deformation associated with the earthquake, which includes motion caused by slip on the earthquake fault, earthquake-triggered surficial disturbances such as landslides and liquefaction, and settling of engineered structures due to earthquake shaking. We find that 37 BMs in Humboldt County display height changes that can not be accounted for by the earthquake fault slip, and thus indicate monument, soil or structural instability: 18 BMs show subsidence caused by groundwatet withdrawal in the Eel River basin; 16 BMs show residual movement of less than a few centimeters, and 4 BMs show major disturbance of up to 4 m. One of the disturbed BMs lies near an earthquake-induced tension crack, and another is near the site of liquefaction in the Salt river bed. Nine of the disturbed BMs are set in bridge abutments or highway overpasses, and 6 are set in retaining walls, and thus might be indicators of structural weakness or incipient failure. In addition, the distribution of landslides, liquefaction, and road cracking reveals other sites of potential ground failure along highways, seawalls, and foundations. Some 1992 BMs could be resurveyed to monitor subsequent movement. Using a model for the earthquake fault slip that best fits the geodetic and seismic observations of the earthquake, we infer the uplift of shoals and rocks offshore Humboldt County. We estimate mat 13 shoals lying in less than 3 fathoms (5.5 m) of water were uplifted by more than 0.45 fathoms (0.83 m), presenting increased hazards to coastal navigation. In addition, a 4 x 8 nautical-mile wide (7 x 14 km) zone is identified as the site of potential seafloor faulting with displacement of up to 3 m, and the head of Mattole Canyon is suggested as the site of possible seafloor landslides. These findings have been furnished to the U.S. Coast Guard for issuance as a Notice to Mariners, and to the National Ocean Survey of NOAA for bathymetric survey planning. We also find that the flood plain boundary of the Mattole river at Petrolia will be shifted by as much as 62 m (200f) as a result of the permanent change in elevation caused by the earthquake.

Developments in Geotechnical Engineering: from Harvard to New Delhi 1936-1994

Developments in Geotechnical Engineering: from Harvard to New Delhi 1936-1994
Author: A.S. Balasubramaniam
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 830
Release: 2021-07-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000446530

This book reviews the developments that have taken place in the field of geotechnical engineering since the first international conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering was held in Harvard University in 1936 until the January 1994 conference in New Delhi, India.

Engineering for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation

Engineering for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
Author: Masanori Hamada
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 346
Release: 2014-06-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 4431548920

Earthquake and tsunami disasters have been increasing rapidly and globally in the last quarter-century. The purpose of this book is to provide essential knowledge and information on the mitigation of earthquakes and tsunamis for graduate students, young researchers, and geotechnical engineers. It begins by presenting recent cases of earthquakes that have occurred in the world, referring to tsunamis and soil liquefaction and how to cope with such disasters. The final chapter proposes strategies for disaster mitigation against in Japan earthquakes and tsunamis in the future.

The World Factbook

The World Factbook
Author: United States. Central Intelligence Agency
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1989
Genre: Geography
ISBN: