PBI Exchange

PBI Exchange
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 226
Release: 1988
Genre: Legal assistance to the poor
ISBN:

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2017

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2017
Author: Linda Kean
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 3722
Release: 2018-07-25
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484350715

The Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions has been published by the IMF since 1950. It draws on information available to the IMF from a number of sources, including that provided in the course of official staff visits to member countries, and has been prepared in close consultation with national authorities.

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2016

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2016
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 3891
Release: 2016-11-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498395740

The AREAER provides a description of the foreign exchange arrangements, exchange and trade systems, and capital controls of all IMF Member countries.

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2012

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2012
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 3148
Release: 2012-09-14
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475563558

Published since 1950, this authoritative annual reference is based on a unique IMF database that tracks exchange and trade arrangements for 187 IMF member countries, along with Hong Kong SAR, Aruba, and Curaçao and Sint Maarten. The Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAER) draws together information available to the IMF from a number of sources, including during official IMF staff visits to member countries. There is a separate chapter for each of the 189 countries included, and these are presented in a clear, easy-to-read tabular format. A summary table allows for simple cross-country comparisons of key features of their exchange and trade regimes. The report's introduction summarizes recent global trends and developments. It discusses such topical issues as exchange rate arrangements, current or capital transactions, or prudential regulations. The individual country chapters outline exchange measures in place, the structure and setting of exchange rates, arrangements for payments and receipts, procedures for resident and nonresident accounts, mechanisms for import and export payments and receipts, controls on capital transactions, and provisions specific to the financial sector. The report now provides more detailed information on the operations of foreign exchange markets and exchange rate mechanisms and better describes the regulatory framework for current and capital account transactions.

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2022

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2022
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 4286
Release: 2023-07-26
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

The AREAER provides a comprehensive description of restrictions on international trade and payments, capital controls, and measures implemented in the financial sector, including prudential measures that may affect capital flows for all IMF members. It also provides information on the classification of their exchange rate arrangements, operation of foreign exchange markets, restrictions on current international payments and transfers and multiple currency practices subject to the IMF’s jurisdiction in accordance with Article VIII. Descriptions of individual member countries are available at AREAER Online.

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2018

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions 2018
Author: International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 3724
Release: 2019-04-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484396774

The Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions has been published by the IMF since 1950. It draws on information available to the IMF from a number of sources, including that provided in the course of official staff visits to member countries, and has been prepared in close consultation with national authorities.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 436
Release: 2023-03-21
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111982933X

PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS Edited by one of the most well-respected and prolific engineers in the world and his team, this book provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogen production, conversion, and storage, offering the scientific literature a comprehensive coverage of this important fuel. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the most anticipated stationary clean energy devices in renewable and alternative energy. Despite the appreciable improvement in their cost and durability, which are the two major commercialization barriers, their availability has not matched demand. This is mainly due to the use of expensive metal-catalyst, less durable membranes, and poor insight into the ongoing phenomena inside proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Efforts are being made to optimize the use of precious metals as catalyst layers or find alternatives that can be durable for more than 5000 hours. Computational models are also being developed and studied to get an insight into the shortcomings and provide solutions. The announcement by various companies that they will be producing proton exchange membrane fuel cells-based cars by 2025 has accelerated the current research on proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The breakthrough is urgently needed. The membranes, catalysts, polymer electrolytes, and especially the understanding of diffusion layers, need thorough revision and improvement to achieve the target. This exciting breakthrough volume explores these challenges and offers solutions for the industry. Whether for the student, veteran engineer, new hire, or other industry professionals, this is a must-have for any library.

Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction

Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction
Author: Arup K. Sengupta
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2017-07-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1498761232

Since the Second World War, the field of ion exchange has taken a dominant role in offering solutions to many problems in the developed and developing world. It has evolved to a wide array of applications, including mining, microelectronics, drug delivery and detection, food, fertilizers, chemical cleaning, catalysis, bioseparation, water management, environmental research and practices, and energy. The six chapters in this book represent diverse contributions from researchers around the globe who are making noticeable strides in the field in currently important areas: Brackish water desalination Removing boron from water Sustainable approaches for synthesizing commercially important epoxide building blocks Solid-phase heavy-metal separation Separating concentrated ion mixtures in sorption columns Sensing toxic metals Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 22 provides a focused review of new materials and new processes that have developed and are rapidly growing. It describes cutting-edge research and practices in the use of ion exchange for building a cleaner, sustainable world and provides thoughtful insights on what ion exchange may do for us in the future.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Author: David P. Wilkinson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 462
Release: 2009-11-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1439806667

A Detailed, Up-to-Date Treatment of Key Developments in PEMFC MaterialsThe potential to revolutionize the way we power our worldBecause of its lower temperature and special polymer electrolyte membrane, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is well-suited for transportation, portable, and micro fuel cell applications. But the performance o