Particulate Matter From Roadways
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| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 149 |
| Release | : 2020-12-07 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264888853 |
Non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter constitute a little-known but rising share of emissions from road traffic and have significant negative impacts on public health. This report synthesizes the current state of knowledge about the nature, causes, and consequences of non-exhaust particulate emissions. It also projects how particulate matter emissions from non-exhaust sources may evolve in future years and reflects on policy instrument mixes that can address this largely ignored environmental issue.
| Author | : Fulvio Amato |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 2018-01-02 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128117516 |
Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs
| Author | : Kupiainen, K |
| Publisher | : Nordic Council of Ministers |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2017-01-27 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9289348003 |
Nordic countries suffer from periodic worsening of the air quality during spring with high peak PM10 concentrations (airborne particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm or 0.01 mm). Characteristic for the high springtime PM10 concentrations are high shares of coarse particles (with diameters between 2.5 and 10µm), a signature of non-exhaust traffic dust formed via abrasion and wear of pavement, traction control materials, vehicle brakes and tyres. This Policy Brief summarizes the current understanding of the road dust system and presents the mitigation measures and policies currently in place in the Nordic countries. It has been compiled as part of the NORTRIP project funded by the Climate and air pollution working group of the Nordic Council of Ministers by researchers from 11 Nordic institutes studying different aspects of traffic non-exhaust emissions and road dust.
| Author | : Chatten Cowherd |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Air |
| ISBN | : |
Paved roads constitute a major category of PM-10 and PM-2.5 emissions in urban areas. Paved roadway resuspension processes emit antiskid materials, abraded pavement particles, rubber tire fragments, and dirt that is tracked from unpaved areas. In the Denver area, exceedances of the PM-10 standard in late winter and early spring are related to residual road sand loadings from wintertime antiskid controls. This report presents the results of research, sponsored by the Colorado Department of Transportation, to (a) determine the relationships between the paved roadway surface dust characteristics and fine particle emissions, and (b) evaluate emission control measures that reduce road surface silt loadings (either by preventive or mitigative means). Several types of field studies were used in performing this research. The Correlation Studies entailed simultaneous paved road plume profiling and road surface material sampling at three test sites in the Denver metropolitan area. The composition of collected airborne and surface samples were analyzed by chemical and microscopic analysis. The upwind/downwind airborne particulate matter samples that were selected for analysis included PM-10 and PM-2.5, while the road surface samples included the resuspended PM-10 and PM-2.5 from Midwest Research Institute's Dustiness Test Chamber. The Correlation Studies demonstrated that emission control effectiveness for the paved road resuspension processes can be evaluated in terms of reductions of roadway surface material loadings. Additional composite surface sampling of Denver arterial roadways compared the effects of winter sanding and alternative chemical deicers on surface loadings.
| Author | : Morgan Balogh |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 210 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Air |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Jamie R. Lead |
| Publisher | : Wiley-Blackwell |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 2009-09-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781405176347 |
An increased understanding of the environmental and human health impacts of engineered nanoparticles is essential for the responsible development of nanotechnology and appropriate evidence-based policy and guidelines for risk assessment. Presenting the latest advances in the field from a variety of scientific disciplines, this book offers a comprehensive overview of this challenging, inter-disciplinary research area. Topics covered include: The properties, preparation and applications of nanomaterials Characterization and analysis of manufactured nanoparticles The fate and behaviour of nanomaterials in aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric environments Ecotoxicology and human toxicology of manufactured nanoparticles Occupational health and exposure of nanomaterials Risk assessment and global regulatory and policy responses Understanding the behaviour and impacts of nanotechnology in the environment and in human health is a daunting task and many questions remain to be answered. Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers in nanoscience and nanotechnology, environmental science, materials science and biology, as well as for scientists in industry, regulators and policy makers.
| Author | : Mohamed Khallaf |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 459 |
| Release | : 2011-09-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9533075287 |
This book aims to strengthen the knowledge base dealing with Air Pollution. The book consists of 21 chapters dealing with Air Pollution and its effects in the fields of Health, Environment, Economy and Agricultural Sources. It is divided into four sections. The first one deals with effect of air pollution on health and human body organs. The second section includes the Impact of air pollution on plants and agricultural sources and methods of resistance. The third section includes environmental changes, geographic and climatic conditions due to air pollution. The fourth section includes case studies concerning of the impact of air pollution in the economy and development goals, such as, indoor air pollution in México, indoor air pollution and millennium development goals in Bangladesh, epidemiologic and economic impact of natural gas on indoor air pollution in Colombia and economic growth and air pollution in Iran during development programs. In this book the authors explain the definition of air pollution, the most important pollutants and their different sources and effects on humans and various fields of life. The authors offer different solutions to the problems resulting from air pollution.
| Author | : Walter W. Piegorsch |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 520 |
| Release | : 2005-03-04 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 9780470848364 |
Environmental statistics is a rapidly growing field, supported by advances in digital computing power, automated data collection systems, and interactive, linkable Internet software. Concerns over public and ecological health and the continuing need to support environmental policy-making and regulation have driven a concurrent explosion in environmental data analysis. This textbook is designed to address the need for trained professionals in this area. The book is based on a course which the authors have taught for many years, and prepares students for careers in environmental analysis centered on statistics and allied quantitative methods of data evaluation. The text extends beyond the introductory level, allowing students and environmental science practitioners to develop the expertise to design and perform sophisticated environmental data analyses. In particular, it: Provides a coherent introduction to intermediate and advanced methods for modeling and analyzing environmental data. Takes a data-oriented approach to describing the various methods. Illustrates the methods with real-world examples Features extensive exercises, enabling use as a course text. Includes examples of SAS computer code for implementation of the statistical methods. Connects to a Web site featuring solutions to exercises, extra computer code, and additional material. Serves as an overview of methods for analyzing environmental data, enabling use as a reference text for environmental science professionals. Graduate students of statistics studying environmental data analysis will find this invaluable as will practicing data analysts and environmental scientists including specialists in atmospheric science, biology and biomedicine, chemistry, ecology, environmental health, geography, and geology.
| Author | : Morgan Balogh |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : Roads |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Doug Brugge |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781536190021 |
"This edited and peer reviewed volume contains a collection of articles from many disciplines that address the emerging issue of ambient ultrafine particles derived from combustion sources and their health effects. The authors are published experts with respect to ultrafine particles. They write about diverse aspects of the problem including epidemiology, environmental engineering, toxicology, policy, architecture and medicine. Each chapter provides a thoroughly referenced review of the respective subject matter. Written for researchers and scientists, this work is an excellent introduction for those early in their research into ultrafine particles as well as those that are well-versed and seeking to expand into new approaches to ultrafine particles. Chapters may be read singly or in combination with other chapters, depending on the reader's interest. As a whole, the book is a broad reference source about combustion ultrafine particles and health"--
