Food and Parkinsons Disease

Food and Parkinsons Disease
Author: M. Mohamed Essa
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016
Genre: Parkinson's disease
ISBN: 9781634857369

This book focuses on the alternative therapeutic approach for managing Parkinsons disease. This manuscript analyses the curative properties of natural ingredients and bioactive compounds known as nutraceuticals from natural foods, herbs, spices and plant extracts. Scientific revelations supported by conducted research concerning these remedies are presented. For example, consuming foods from natural sources that are rich in amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins and alkaloids may reduce the chances of onset of Parkinsons disease, and suggests that nutrition and diet have an impact on disease management. In addition, epigenetic modifications in conjunction with Parkinsons disease are also discussed in this book.

Yoga and Parkinson's Disease

Yoga and Parkinson's Disease
Author: Peggy Van Hulsteyn
Publisher: Demos Medical Publishing
Total Pages: 142
Release: 2013-08-28
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 1936303507

Yoga is one of the most beneficial complementary therapies for Parkinson's disease, helping to increase flexibility, correct posture, and in general, enhance the quality of life. The authors provide an easy-to-follow and encouraging guide for bringing the benefits of yoga into your life.

Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Author: K. Ray Chaudhuri
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 517
Release: 2014
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0199684243

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to suffer from motor symptoms of the disease, but they also experience non-motor symptoms (NMS) that are often present before diagnosis or that inevitably emerge with disease progression. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been extensively researched, and effective clinical tools for their assessment and treatment have been developed and are readily available. In contrast, researchers have only recently begun to focus on the NMS of Parkinson's Disease, which are poorly recognized and inadequately treated by clinicians. The NMS of PD have a significant impact on patient quality of life and mortality and include neuropsychiatric, sleep-related, autonomic, gastrointestinal, and sensory symptoms. While some NMS can be improved with currently available treatments, others may be more refractory and will require research into novel (non-dopaminergic) drug therapies for the future. Edited by members of the UK Parkinson's Disease Non-Motor Group (PD-NMG) and with contributions from international experts, this new edition summarizes the current understanding of NMS symptoms in Parkinson's disease and points the way towards future research.

Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain

Levodopa pharmacokinetics -from stomach to brain
Author: Maria Nord
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages: 81
Release: 2019-01-07
Genre:
ISBN: 9176855570

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and it is caused by a loss of dopamine (DA) producing neurons in the basal ganglia in the brain. The PD patient suffers from motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity and treatment with levodopa (LD), the precursor of DA, has positive effects on these symptoms. Several factors affect the availability of orally given LD. Gastric emptying (GE) is one factor and it has been shown to be delayed in PD patients resulting in impaired levodopa uptake. Different enzymes metabolize LD on its way from the gut to the brain resulting in less LD available in the brain and more side effects from the metabolites. By adding dopa decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa or benserazide) or COMT-inhibitors (e.g. entacapone) the bioavailability of LD increases significantly and more LD can pass the blood-brain-barrier and be converted to DA in the brain. It has been considered of importance to avoid high levodopa peaks in the brain because this seems to induce changes in postsynaptic dopaminergic neurons causing disabling motor complications in PD patients. More continuously given LD, e.g. duodenal or intravenous (IV) infusions, has been shown to improve these motor complications. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) has also been proven to improve motor complications and to make it possible to reduce the LD dosage in PD patients. In this doctoral thesis the main purpose is to study the pharmacokinetics of LD in patients with PD and motor complications; in blood and subcutaneous tissue and study the effect of GE and PD stage on LD uptake and the effect of continuously given LD (CDS) on LD uptake and GE; in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when adding the peripheral enzyme inhibitors entacapone and carbidopa to LD infusion IV; in brain during STN DBSand during oral or IV LD treatment. To conclude, LD uptake is more favorable in PD patients with less severe disease and GE is delayed in PD patients. No obvious relation between LD uptake and GE or between GE and PD stage is seen and CDS decreases the LD levels. Entacapone increases the maximal concentration of LD in blood and CSF. This is more evident with additional carbidopa and important to consider in avoiding high LD peaks in brain during PD treatment. LD in brain increases during both oral and IV LD treatment and the DA levels follows LD well indicating that PD patients still have capacity to metabolize LD to DA despite probable pronounced nigral degeneration. STN DBS seems to increase putaminal DA levels and together with IV LD treatment also increases LD in brain possibly explaining why it is possible to decrease LD medication after STN DBS surgery. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) är en av de vanligaste s.k. neurodegenerativasjukdomarna och orsakas av förlust av dopamin(DA)producerande nervceller i hjärnan. Detta orsakar motoriska symptom såsom skakningar, stelhet och förlångsammade rörelser. Levodopa (LD) är ett ämne, som kan omvandlas till DA i hjärnan och ge symptomlindring och det är oftast förstahandsval vid behandling av patienter med PS. Flera faktorer påverkar tillgängligheten av LD, bl.a. den hastighet som magsäcken tömmer sig med och denna verkar förlångsammad hos personer med PS vilket ger sämre tillgänglighet av LD i blodet och därmed i hjärnan. LD bryts även ner i hög grad av olika enzym ute i kroppen vilket leder till mindre mängd LD som hamnar i hjärnan och till fler nedbrytningsprodukter som orsakar biverkningar. Tillägg av enzymhämmare leder till ökad mängd LD som kan nå hjärnan och omvandlas till DA. Det anses viktigt att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan då dessa verkar bidra till utvecklandet av besvärliga motoriska komplikationer hos patienter med PS. Om LD ges mer kontinuerligt, exempelvis som en kontinuerlig infusion in i tarmen eller i blodet, så minskar dessa motoriska komplikationer. Inopererande av stimulatorer i vissa delar av hjärnan (DBS) har också visat sig minska dessa motoriska komplikationer och även resultera i att man kan minska LD-dosen. Huvudsyftet med den här avhandlingen är att studera LD hos patienter med PS; i blod och fettvävnad då LD ges i tablettform och se om det finns något samband med LD-upptag och hastigheten på magsäckstömningen (MT) och om kontinuerligt given LD påverkar LD-upptaget eller MT; i blod och i ryggmärgsvätska då enzymhämmarna entakapon och karbidopa tillsätts LD; i hjärna vid behandling med DBS och då LD ges både som tablett och som infusion i blodet. Sammanfattningsvis kan vi se att LD-upptaget är mer gynnsamt hos patienter med PS i tidigare skede av sjukdomens komplikationsfas. MT är förlångsammad hos patienter med PS och det är inget tydligt samband mellan LD-upptag och MT eller mellan MT och sjukdomsgrad. Kontinuerligt given LD minskar LDnivåerna. Enzymhämmaren entakapon ökar den maximala koncentrationen av LD i blod och ryggmärgsvätska och effekten är mer tydlig vid tillägg av karbidopa vilket är viktigt att ta i beaktande vid behandling av PS för att undvika höga toppar av LD i hjärnan. LD ökar i hjärnan då man behandlar med LD i tablettform och som infusion i blodet och DA-nivåerna i hjärnan följer LD väl vilket visar på att patienter med PS fortfarande kan omvandla LD till DA trots trolig uttalad brist av de DA-producerande nervcellerna i hjärnan. DBS verkar öka DA i vissa områden i hjärnan och tillsammans med LD-infusion i blodet verkar det även öka LD i hjärnan och det kan förklara varför man kan sänka LDdosen efter DBS-operation.

Mucuna versus Parkinson: treatment with natural levodopa

Mucuna versus Parkinson: treatment with natural levodopa
Author: Rafael González Maldonado
Publisher: Rafael González Maldonado
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2014-08-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 8461713494

“Mucuna pruriens” is a bean that grows in the tropics. It is very rich in natural levodopa that is better tolerated and more potent than the synthetic levodopa in Sinemet or Stalevo. Two prestigious neurologists have patented extracts of mucuna seeds as a treatment for Parkinson's. Meanwhile, patients have recorded their positive experiences with mucuna; they buy it online (no prescription needed) and use it in secrecy without consulting their neurologist. Neither the patients nor the doctors (most of them) have clear ideas about this plant, its ingredients (not only levodopa), the proportions in which it is absorbed, or how to manage it. "Mucuna versus Parkinson: Natural Levodopa Treatment" is so far the most complete and up-to-date monograph on the subject, it describes the theoretical and practical approaches to the use of this plant as a treatment option for Parkinson's disease. Also included are more than one hundred of references.

Integrative approach to Parkinson’s disease

Integrative approach to Parkinson’s disease
Author: Hi-Joon Park
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 177
Release: 2020-01-30
Genre:
ISBN: 2889634094

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Neurological Disorders in the Arab World

Neurological Disorders in the Arab World
Author: Hani T. S. Benamer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016-08-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783319356945

After graduating from Tripoli, Libya in 1990, Dr Benamer came to the United Kingdom in 1991 to further his training in medicine. He obtained the MRCP in 1994 and trained in neurology in Glasgow. He obtained a PhD and CCST in 2000 and was appointed a consultant neurologist in Wolverhampton and Birmingham the same year. He has been the lead neurologist in New Cross Hospital in Wolverhampton since 2006. Dr Benamer is a general neurologist with special interest in movement disorders. Dr Benamer is honorary clinical senior lecturer in Birmingham University and has an interest in medical education, in which he obtained a postgraduate certificate from Keele University in 2007. He has published more than 35 papers and two books. He is currently a senior editor of the Libyan Journal of Medicine. He was also an examiner of the MRCP Diploma from 2005 to 2009. Dr Benamer's publications relevant to the subject of the book: 1. Benamer HT. 2007. Neurological disorders in Libya: an overview. Neuroepidemiology 29:143-9 2. Benamer HT. 2008. The ancestry of LRRK2 Gly2019Ser parkinsonism. Lancet neurology 7:769-70; author reply 70-1 3. Benamer HT, de Silva R, Siddiqui KA, Grosset DG. 2008. Parkinson's disease in Arabs: a systematic review. Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 23:1205-10 4. Benamer HT, Ahmed ES, Al-Din AS, Grosset DG. 2009. Frequency and clinical patterns of multiple sclerosis in Arab countries: a systematic review. Journal of the neurological sciences 278:1-4 5. Benamer HT, Grosset D. 2009. Stroke in Arab countries: a systematic literature review. Journal of the neurological sciences 284:18-23 6. Benamer HT, Grosset DG. 2009. A systematic review of the epidemiology of epilepsy in Arab countries. Epilepsia 50:2301-4 7. Benamer HT, Shakir RA. 2009. The neurology map of the Arab world. Journal of the neurological sciences 285:10-2 8. Benamer HT. 2010. Neurology expertise and postgraduate training programmes in the Arab world: a survey. European neurology 64:313-8 9. Benamer HT, de Silva R. 2010. LRRK2 G2019S in the North African population: a review. European neurology 63:321-5 10. Benamer HT, Deleu D, Grosset D. 2010. Epidemiology of headache in Arab countries. The journal of headache and pain 11:1-3 11. Benamer HT. 2011. More epidemiological studies of neurological disorders are needed in the Arab countries. Neuroepidemiology 36:70.