Packet Transport Mechanisms For Data Center Networks
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| Author | : Mohammadreza Alizadeh Attar |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Data centers are large facilities that house tens of thousands of interconnected computing and storage servers. In recent years, large investments have been made in massive data centers to support services such as search, social networking, electronic commerce, and cloud computing. This has spurred a lot of interest in the industry and the research community in innovation for reducing costs and improving the performance of data center networks. One of the most crucial components of a data center network (indeed, of any network) is its transport mechanism -- the method by which data is transferred from one server to another. The major goals of a transport mechanism are to transfer data at the highest possible rate and with the lowest latency. In this dissertation, we present measurements from three production clusters with 6000 servers that reveal impairments with today's state-of-the-art Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in data center environments. The impairments are rooted in TCP's demands on the limited buffer space available in commodity data center switches. We then propose two novel transport mechanisms designed specifically for the data center: DCTCP and HULL. These mechanisms enable the construction of large-scale, high-performance data center networks with very low latency and high bandwidth using commodity switches. DCTCP (for Data Center TCP) uses a simple modification to the TCP congestion control algorithm that allows it to maintain very low queue occupancy (and latency) in data center switches while simultaneously providing high throughput. HULL (for High-bandwidth Ultra-Low Latency) is an architecture that builds on DCTCP to deliver baseline fabric latency (only propagation and switching) by nearly eliminating all queueing from the data center network. We also present a stability analysis of the Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) algorithm that has been standardized as the IEEE802.1Qau standard for Layer 2 (Ethernet) congestion control.
| Author | : Abdul Kader Kabbani |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Data Center Networks represent the convergence of computing and networking, of data and storage networks, and of packet transport mechanisms in Layers 2 and 4. These networks provide a rich opportunity for developing new algorithms and architectures. In this thesis, we propose a Layer 2 congestion management algorithm called QCN (Quantized Congestion Notification), which we have developed for the IEEE 802.1Qau Congestion Notification standard for Data Center Ethernet. QCN has been designed to be stable, responsive, and simple to implement. This thesis also introduces ECN-hat, a slightly modified version of the TCP algorithm that mimics QCN's multi-bit rate cuts, leading to significantly higher utilization and lower latency. It does this by using the ECN marks in the acks of packets in a non-traditional way, one which extracts more information about the congestion in network. We also show how QCN and Data Center TCP (DCTCP) can be easily extended via light-weight switch modifications to provide programmable bandwidth partitioning in multi-tenanted Cloud Computing and Data Center environments. Our Approximately Fair extensions, AF-QCN and AF-DCTCP, achieve weighted fairness at the granularity of a few milliseconds while retaining the good properties of QCN and DCTCP (stability, responsiveness, and simplicity).
| Author | : Santosh Kulkarni |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 95 |
| Release | : 2013-10-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461478618 |
This book addresses the need to improve TCP’s performance inside data centers by providing solutions that are both practical and backward compatible with standard TCP versions. The authors approach this challenge first by deriving an analytical model for TCP’s performance under typical data center workload traffic. They then discuss some solutions that are designed to improve TCP performance by either proactively detecting network congestion through probabilistic retransmission or by avoiding timeout penalty through dynamic resizing of TCP segments. Experimental results show that each of techniques discussed outperforms standard TCP inside a data center.
| Author | : Alex X Liu |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 127 |
| Release | : 2020-07-16 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9811224064 |
This unique compendium focuses on the design and implementation of emerging transport protocols and task scheduling mechanisms to mitigate congestion in datacentre networks. Datacenters have become a critical infrastructure for hosting user-facing online services such as web search and social networking.For datacenter transport, this volume highlights the design and implementation details of the state-of-art transport protocols that not only achieves optimal performance in terms of minimizing flow completion times but are also deployment friendly.Moreover, this must-have reference material also discusses the transport protocols for multi-tenant datacentre networks. For datacenter task scheduling, the book introduces an innovative task placement framework that considers network scheduling while making task placement decisions.
| Author | : Christoforos Kachris |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 179 |
| Release | : 2012-11-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461446309 |
Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks covers optical networks and how they can be used to provide high bandwidth, energy efficient interconnects for future data centers with increased communication bandwidth requirements. This contributed volume presents an integrated view of the future requirements of the data centers and serves as a reference work for some of the most advanced solutions that have been proposed by major universities and companies. Collecting the most recent and innovative optical interconnects for data center networks that have been presented in the research community by universities and industries, this book is a valuable reference to researchers, students, professors and engineers interested in the domain of high performance interconnects and data center networks. Additionally, Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks provides invaluable insights into the benefits and advantages of optical interconnects and how they can be a promising alternative for future data center networks.
| Author | : Octavian Lascu |
| Publisher | : IBM Redbooks |
| Total Pages | : 568 |
| Release | : 2015-03-04 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0738438863 |
The popularity of the Internet and the affordability of IT hardware and software have resulted in an explosion of applications, architectures, and platforms. Workloads have changed. Many applications, including mission-critical ones, are deployed on various platforms, and the IBM® System z® design has adapted to this change. It takes into account a wide range of factors, including compatibility and investment protection, to match the IT requirements of an enterprise. This IBM Redbooks® publication addresses the new IBM zEnterprise® System. This system consists of the IBM zEnterprise EC12 (zEC12), an updated IBM zEnterprise Unified Resource Manager, and the IBM zEnterprise BladeCenter® Extension (zBX) Model 003. The zEC12 is designed with improved scalability, performance, security, resiliency, availability, and virtualization. The superscalar design allows the zEC12 to deliver a record level of capacity over the prior System z servers. It is powered by 120 of the world's most powerful microprocessors. These microprocessors run at 5.5 GHz and are capable of running more than 75,000 millions of instructions per second (MIPS). The zEC12 Model HA1 is estimated to provide up to 50% more total system capacity than the IBM zEnterprise 196 (z196) Model M80. The zBX Model 003 infrastructure works with the zEC12 to enhance System z virtualization and management. It does so through an integrated hardware platform that spans mainframe, IBM POWER7®, and IBM System x® technologies. Through the Unified Resource Manager, the zEnterprise System is managed as a single pool of resources, integrating system and workload management across the environment. This book provides information about the zEnterprise System and its functions, features, and associated software support. Greater detail is offered in areas relevant to technical planning. It is intended for systems engineers, consultants, planners, and anyone who wants to understand the zEnterprise System functions and plan for their usage. It is not intended as an introduction to mainframes. Readers are expected to be generally familiar with existing IBM System z® technology and terminology.
| Author | : Jon Tate |
| Publisher | : IBM Redbooks |
| Total Pages | : 286 |
| Release | : 2010-05-07 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0738434280 |
As organizations drive to transform and virtualize their IT infrastructures to reduce costs and manage risk, networking is pivotal to success. Optimizing network performance, availability, adaptability, security, and cost is essential to achieving the maximum benefit from your infrastructure. But what is needed to support these networking requirements? Expertise to plan and design networks with holistic consideration of servers, storage, application performance, and manageability Networking solutions that enable investment protection with a range of performance and cost options that match your environment Technology and expertise to design, implement, and manage network security and resiliency Robust network management software to provide integrated, simplified management that lowers the operating costs of complex networks IBM® and Juniper® have entered into an agreement to provide expanded network technology choices with the new IBM Ethernet switches, routers, and appliances to provide an integrated end-to-end resiliency and security framework. Combined with the IBM vast data center design experience and with a field-proven operating system, Junos®, this portfolio, which we describe in this IBM Redbooks® publication, represents the ideal convergence of strength and intelligence. For organizations striving to transform and virtualize their IT infrastructure, such a combination can help you reduce costs, manage risks, and prepare for the future. This book is intended for anyone who wants to learn more about IBM j-type Data Center Networking.
| Author | : NIIT (Corporation) |
| Publisher | : Que Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 370 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9780789725745 |
Annotation Enter the new era of data storage that combines database and networking technologies with this introductory comparison and practical implementation of Storage Area Networks. Multiple vendor reference: This book provides solutions and schemes from competing SAN vendors, including an appendix of available SAN products. Readers will learn to customize their own SAN solution: Authors forecast future growth of SANs in an Advanced Study of Virtual Interface. Technically accurate instruction: NIIT recently earned the National Education and Training group Excellence Award for defect-free deliveries of Learning products. Even highly experienced system or network professionals are unfamiliar with SAN functionality and terminology. This book opens with an overview of the need for data storage in an enterprise environment, the different types of data storage devices, and existing data storage techniques. The authors build on that foundation with an exploration of the evolution of SAN, the various networking models and data-centric applications, a chapter dedicated to fiber channel, and practical solutions for centralized, heterogeneous, and high-speed data storage challenges. The second half of this book delves into more practical applications of the SAN: designing, implementing, managing, and troubleshooting a SAN. The last chapter explores how SAN fits into the current Web scenario, and VI Architecture as a new system of cluster communications. Unlike competing titles, this book provides solutions for alternative SAN vendors, comparing SAN schemes for competitive products. NIIT is a global eBusiness IT Solutions Corporation that has provided over 650 Educational Multimedia Software titles and more than 10,000 hours of instructor-led training during its 16 years of training delivery. Judged the Best Training Company through an opinion poll among over 1000 CIOs, software professionals, and IT users by ComputerWorld magazine, NIIT provides classroom-based training, technology-based training, and Internet-based training.
| Author | : Syed Farrukh Hassan |
| Publisher | : Addison-Wesley Professional |
| Total Pages | : 575 |
| Release | : 2022-06-08 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0137376758 |
THE NETWORK PROFESSIONAL'S GUIDE TO PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND DEPLOYING 5G TRANSPORT NETWORKS As 5G transforms mobile usage and services, network professionals will need to significantly evolve their transport network architectures towards greater sophistication and stronger integration with radio networks, and facilitate transition towards cloud-native 5G mobile core. Until now, however, most 5G guides have foregrounded RF/radio and mobile core innovations, not its implications for data networks. A Network Architect's Guide to 5G fills the gap, giving network architects, designers, and engineers essential knowledge for designing and planning their own 5G networks. Drawing on decades of experience with global service providers and enterprise networks, the authors illuminate new and evolving network technologies necessary for building 5G-capable networks, such as segment routing, network slicing, timing and synchronization, edge computing, distributed data centers, integration with public cloud, and more. They explain how 5G blurs boundaries between mobile core, radio access, and transport, as well as the changes in the composition of a traditional cell site with the adoption of Open and Virtualized RAN resulting in a transition to mobile xHaul. Every chapter builds on earlier coverage, culminating in a “big picture” presentation of a complete 5G network design. Understand the evolution of mobile technologies over the generation leading to 5G's foundational concepts and principles. Explore 5G changes to Radio Access Networks (RAN), the Mobile Core, Mobile Transport, and the need for tighter integration between them. Use Segment Routing to architect simplified, SDN-capable networks, and enable network slicing for 5G. Rethink transport design to incorporate Far-Edge, Edge, and public-cloud based data centers augmenting centralized DCs to support distributed peering and Multi-access Edge Compute. Provide guidance to meet the criteria and requirements for various aspects of Fronthaul, Midhaul, and Backhaul architecture, such as transport protocol evaluation, latency consideration, routing design, QoS modeling, network device selection, and more. Forge a cohesive 5G network architecture by combining mobile communications principles with advanced transport technologies.
| Author | : Octavian Lascu |
| Publisher | : IBM Redbooks |
| Total Pages | : 610 |
| Release | : 2016-11-11 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0738441791 |
Digital business has been driving the transformation of underlying IT infrastructure to be more efficient, secure, adaptive, and integrated. Information Technology (IT) must be able to handle the explosive growth of mobile clients and employees. IT also must be able to use enormous amounts of data to provide deep and real-time insights to help achieve the greatest business impact. This IBM® Redbooks® publication addresses the IBM Mainframe, the IBM z13TM. The IBM z13 is the trusted enterprise platform for integrating data, transactions, and insight. A data-centric infrastructure must always be available with a 99.999% or better availability, have flawless data integrity, and be secured from misuse. It needs to be an integrated infrastructure that can support new applications. It needs to have integrated capabilities that can provide new mobile capabilities with real-time analytics delivered by a secure cloud infrastructure. IBM z13 is designed with improved scalability, performance, security, resiliency, availability, and virtualization. The superscalar design allows the z13 to deliver a record level of capacity over the prior IBM z SystemsTM. In its maximum configuration, z13 is powered by up to 141 client characterizable microprocessors (cores) running at 5 GHz. This configuration can run more than 110,000 millions of instructions per second (MIPS) and up to 10 TB of client memory. The IBM z13 Model NE1 is estimated to provide up to 40% more total system capacity than the IBM zEnterprise® EC12 (zEC1) Model HA1. This book provides information about the IBM z13 and its functions, features, and associated software support. Greater detail is offered in areas relevant to technical planning. It is intended for systems engineers, consultants, planners, and anyone who wants to understand the IBM z Systems functions and plan for their usage. It is not intended as an introduction to mainframes. Readers are expected to be generally familiar with existing IBM z Systems technology and terminology.
