Oxidative Stress Lipoproteins And Cardiovascular Dysfunction
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| Author | : Catherine Rice-Evans |
| Publisher | : Ashgate Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 208 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
In recent years, the role of free radicals and antioxidants has become a part of the aetiology of a surprisingly large number of diseases. The area of cardiovascular research has now perhaps exceeded many of the others. Much remains however, to be learned about how oxidation is initiated and about the roles of different lipids and lipoproteins fractions.
| Author | : John F. Keaney Jr. |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 404 |
| Release | : 1999-12-31 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780792386780 |
One of the major biomedical triumphs of the post-World War II era was the defmitive demonstration that hypercholesterolemia is a key causative factor in atherosclerosis; that hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated; and that treatment significantly reduces not only coronary disease mortality but also all cause mortality. Treatment to lower plasma levels of cholesterol - primarily low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - is now accepted as best medical practice and both physicians and patients are being educated to take aggressive measures to lower LDL. We can confidently look forward to important decreases in the toll of coronary artery disease over the coming decades. However, there is still uncertainty as to the exact mechanisms by which elevated plasma cholesterol and LDL levels initiate and favor the progression of lesions. There is general consensus that one of the earliest responses to hypercholesterolemia is the adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells followed by their penetration into the subendothelial space, where they differentiate into macrophages. These cells, and also medial smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the subendothelial space, then become loaded with mUltiple, large droplets of cholesterol esters . . . the hallmark of the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion, the so-called fatty streak. This lesion is the precursor of the more advanced lesions, both in animal models and in humans. Thus the centrality of hypercholesterolemia cannot be overstated. Still, the atherogenic process is complex and evolves over a long period of time.
| Author | : John F. Keaney Jr. |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 404 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1461546494 |
One of the major biomedical triumphs of the post-World War II era was the defmitive demonstration that hypercholesterolemia is a key causative factor in atherosclerosis; that hypercholesterolemia can be effectively treated; and that treatment significantly reduces not only coronary disease mortality but also all cause mortality. Treatment to lower plasma levels of cholesterol - primarily low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol - is now accepted as best medical practice and both physicians and patients are being educated to take aggressive measures to lower LDL. We can confidently look forward to important decreases in the toll of coronary artery disease over the coming decades. However, there is still uncertainty as to the exact mechanisms by which elevated plasma cholesterol and LDL levels initiate and favor the progression of lesions. There is general consensus that one of the earliest responses to hypercholesterolemia is the adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells followed by their penetration into the subendothelial space, where they differentiate into macrophages. These cells, and also medial smooth muscle cells that have migrated into the subendothelial space, then become loaded with mUltiple, large droplets of cholesterol esters . . . the hallmark of the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion, the so-called fatty streak. This lesion is the precursor of the more advanced lesions, both in animal models and in humans. Thus the centrality of hypercholesterolemia cannot be overstated. Still, the atherogenic process is complex and evolves over a long period of time.
| Author | : J.C. Tardif |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 265 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9401143757 |
Generation of oxidants or reactive oxygen species is a natural process of human biology. Mitochondrial respiration, phagocytic activity and cyclooxygenase activation are all essential processes of life, which also generate oxidative species. In humans, chronic oxidative stress often coupled with deficiency of antioxidant defenses is associated with the aging process and can lead to the development of disorders such as cancer and arterial disease. Major cardiovascular conditions in which oxidative damage has been strongly implicated include atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, coronary restenosis and congestive heart failure. Compelling evidence points to oxidative stress as an important trigger in the complex chain of events leading to atherosclerosis. The expression of chemotactic factors and adhesion molecules is modified by oxidative stress. Exposure to superoxide ions activates the NF-kappa B regulatory complex and triggers the transcription of several atherosclerosis related genes. These events lead to the accumulation of macrophages in the arterial wall. Macrophages avidly incorporate oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to form foam cells. The activity of matrix metalloproteinases is also regulated by oxidative stress. This activity appears to be closely coupled with smooth muscle cell activation and migration. Matrix metalloproteinases have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of plaque rupture. Antioxidant supplementation including vitamin E decreases susceptibility ofLDL to oxidation and retards the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models.
| Author | : Heinrich Sauer |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 587 |
| Release | : 2010-09-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1607616009 |
This collection of articles on oxidative stress in clinical practice surveys essential current research in what is a rapidly evolving field. As well as giving the reader a mechanistic overview of how oxidative stress affects cardiovascular disease, it analyzes the potential of a number of therapeutic options that target these pathways. Understanding the complexity of the cellular redox system could lead to the development of better targeted interventions that facilitate patient recovery. Even as large-scale clinical trials of so-called ‘simple’ antioxidant approaches such as vitamins C and E show that significant benefits for cardiovascular patients remain elusive, Studies on Cardiovascular Disorders demonstrates that such approaches are too simplistic. Beginning with a summary of redox signaling models that could induce the progression of redox-associated cardiovascular disorders, the volume moves on to examine redox-mediated protein modification under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It provides an outline of the signaling pathways in cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, and what impact these might have in the differentiation process of resident cardiac and blastocyst derived stem cells. Further chapters detail our current knowledge of the influence the sensory nervous system exerts on the cardiovascular system, and the paradoxical role of mitochondria-derived ROS in cardiac protection. In all, almost 30 contributions cover issues as diverse as the antioxidant properties of statins in the heart and the oxidative risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. A range of medical practitioners will find the contents of Studies on Cardiovascular Disorders provides illuminating insight into the Janus-faced role of ROS in the cardiovascular system.
| Author | : Jordan L Holtzman |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 255 |
| Release | : 2007-09-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0387723471 |
Vascular injury is initiated by oxidant injury to the vessel wall. This volume is organized around the role of oxidant damage in this disease process and provides a collection of the most recent studies, representing various disciplines that can serve as the basis for further improvements in our understanding and control of cardiovascular and cerebral vascular disease.
| Author | : Anatol Kontush |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 786 |
| Release | : 2011-11-30 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1118158660 |
A complete guide to the role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in new and emerging therapies With high-density lipoproteins (HDL) playing an increasing role in cardiovascular disease prevention, there is a growing need for an in-depth look at HDL and its clinical value. This book summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field, providing for the first time a comprehensive, systematic, stylistically coherent, and up-to-date review of the composition, structure, heterogeneity, metabolism, epidemiology, genetics, and function of HDL. Divided into three main parts, High-Density Lipoproteins first examines normal HDL particles, then describes defective HDL, and finally addresses the therapeutic normalization of subnormal levels and defective biological activities of this lipoprotein class. The book highlights the functional properties of HDL, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, and discusses the compositional and metabolic heterogeneity of HDL particles. Readers will come away with a clear understanding of the role of HDL in biological processes, the potential value of functional HDL as a therapeutic target, and how current and emerging therapies are poised to influence the treatment of heart disease in the future.
| Author | : Lawrence Spatz |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
Oxygen radicals are highly reactive forms of oxygen that upset the body's normal chemistry. They are created by the reaction of oxygen with radiation, air pollution, and other environmental agents, or generated in metabolism by one-electron transfers to an unstable oxygen molecule. Reactive species of oxygen and the damage they cause have been implicated in a variety of diseases. This volume focuses on their possible role in cardiovascular disease and cancer. It examines the molecular mechanisms by which oxidative damage occurs, the consequences of that damage, and some of the ways in which the damage might be mitigated. The book is based on a study group sponsored by the Conte Institute for Environmental Health, Pittsfield, Massachusetts.
| Author | : Sajal Chakraborti |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 596 |
| Release | : 2019-11-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9811382735 |
This book bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the area of heart disease. It describes a multidisciplinary approach, and demonstrates biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of redox signaling, which leads heart disease. Presenting recent studies on improved forms of ROS scavenging enzymes; specific inhibitors for different ROS generating enzymes; and oxidant induced signaling pathways and their antagonists that allow subtle modulation of redox signaling, it also discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system, which are of vital importance in developing better strategies for treating heart disease. Each chapter offers researchers valuable insights into identifying targets for drug development for different types of heart disease.
| Author | : John F. Keaney |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 373 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Active oxygen in the body |
| ISBN | : |
