Excerpt from The Expansion of Rural Life: The Social Psychology of Rural Development Three rural traditions have contributed to the determination of our national life, that of the South, that of the North, and that of the Frontier. The planter, the farmer, and the speculator differed in their economic conditions and, therefore, in their psychology. This book is concerned with the farmer and his community. In the United States most farmers live in the open country around a village as their trading and social center. Because of this intimate relation between village and country a study of rural psychology includes that of the village. This book is a study of rural development. It deals with the psychological processes of rural development. Such a study inevitably involves much that is not psychological. Forms of organization that have psychological significance must be described but I have limited this description to what seemed clearly to serve a psychological purpose. This book is the second of a series on rural development. The first, Our Rural Heritage, had to do with the rural population of New York State in the first period of development, that is, up to about 1874. This book continues the analysis from that date to the present. Up to the last quarter of the nineteenth century the prevailing attitudes and beliefs were much the same as they had been from the beginning. Then began an expansion of rural life which has continued to the present time. Two periods of this expansion may be distinguished. The first extends from 1874 to 1900. In 1874 the third generation from the post-revolutionary settlers had come to maturity and had inherited the wealth accumulated by previous generations. Railroads had come to ramify through the state and this brought the rural districts into closer contact with the cities. The depression of 1874-1878 was followed by agricultural prosperity, and also by a notable development of manufacturing in the villages and cities. Toward the end of the first period of expansion the village factories began to close and manufacturing to center in the cities. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.