Oriented Inorganic Thin Film Channel Structures With Uni Directional Monosize Micropores
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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 21 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The goal of this project was to develop a novel technology that may be used to eventually manufacture a new generation of inorganic membranes and sensors with oriented, unidirectional monosized pores. The premise is that very thin membranes with oriented channels as pores will have a high flux in addition to being highly selective. Applications include: (1) gas separation membranes for oxygen enrichment, partial oxidation, dehydrogenation, and purification of natural gas; (2) refractory catalytic membrane reactors; and (3) molecular recognition sensors. The methodology for making such membranes was to combine Langmuir - Blodgett (LB) technology with sol-gel chemistry to engineer pore channels within the range 3 to 20 K The channel structure was fabricated of amorphous SiO2 because of its good thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. Our approach was to use LB techniques to uniformly place organic molecular spacers throughout a thin silica precursor matrix and apply this film to a substrate. LB films of solid solutions of commercially available silane amphiphiles and organic amphiphiles were fabricated. The siloxane groups were then hydrolyzed to form silica and the organic portions of the amphiphiles removed by thermal decomposition. With the completely fugitive organic spacer amphiphiles removed, a thin silica film with micropores resulted. The pore size was in the range of 6 - 8 Å and in an ultra-thin configuration. With further development this technique may be useful for fabrication of inorganic membranes which satisfy all the criteria of the ideal membrane.
| Author | : C. Jeffrey Brinker |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 925 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080571034 |
Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing presents the physical and chemical principles of the sol-gel process. The book emphasizes the science behind sol-gel processing with a chapter devoted to applications. The first chapter introduces basic terminology, provides a brief historical sketch, and identifies some excellent texts for background reading. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss the mechanisms of hydrolysis and condensation for nonsilicate and silicate systems. Chapter 4 deals with stabilization and gelation of sols. Chapter 5 reviews theories of gelation and examines the predicted and observed changes in the properties of a sol in the vicinity of the gel point. Chapter 6 describes the changes in structure and properties that occur during aging of a gel in its pore liquor (or some other liquid). The discussion of drying is divided into two parts, with the theory concentrated in Chapter 7 and the phenomenology in Chapter 8. The structure of dried gels is explored in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 shows the possibility of using the gel as a substrate for chemical reactions or of modifying the bulk composition of the resulting ceramic by performing a surface reaction (such as nitridation) on the gel. Chapter 11 reviews the theory and practice of sintering, describing the mechanisms that govern densification of amorphous and crystalline materials, and showing the advantages of avoiding crystallization before sintering is complete. The properties of gel-derived and conventional ceramics are discussed in Chapter 12. The preparation of films is such an important aspect of sol-gel technology that the fundamentals of film formation are treated at length in Chapter 13. Films and other applications are briefly reviewed in Chapter 14. Materials scientists and researchers in the field of sol-gel processing will find the book invaluable.
| Author | : Masuo Hosokawa |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 645 |
| Release | : 2007-10-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 008055802X |
Nanoparticle technology, which handles the preparation, processing, application and characterisation of nanoparticles, is a new and revolutionary technology. It becomes the core of nanotechnology as an extension of the conventional Fine Particle / Powder Technology. Nanoparticle technology plays an important role in the implementation of nanotechnology in many engineering and industrial fields including electronic devices, advanced ceramics, new batteries, engineered catalysts, functional paint and ink, Drug Delivery System, biotechnology, etc.; and makes use of the unique properties of the nanoparticles which are completely different from those of the bulk materials. This new handbook is the first to explain complete aspects of nanoparticles with many application examples showing their advantages and advanced development. There are handbooks which briefly mention the nanosized particles or their related applications, but no handbook describing the complete aspects of nanoparticles has been published so far. The handbook elucidates of the basic properties of nanoparticles and various nanostructural materials with their characterisation methods in the first part. It also introduces more than 40 examples of practical and potential uses of nanoparticles in the later part dealing with applications. It is intended to give readers a clear picture of nanoparticles as well as new ideas or hints on their applications to create new materials or to improve the performance of the advanced functional materials developed with the nanoparticles. * Introduces all aspects of nanoparticle technology, from the fundamentals to applications. * Includes basic information on the preparation through to the characterization of nanoparticles from various viewpoints * Includes information on nanostructures, which play an important role in practical applications.
| Author | : Hans de Kroon |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 424 |
| Release | : 2003-05-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9783540001850 |
In the course of evolution, a great variety of root systems have learned to overcome the many physical, biochemical and biological problems brought about by soil. This development has made them a fascinating object of scientific study. This volume gives an overview of how roots have adapted to the soil environment and which roles they play in the soil ecosystem. The text describes the form and function of roots, their temporal and spatial distribution, and their turnover rate in various ecosystems. Subsequently, a physiological background is provided for basic functions, such as carbon acquisition, water and solute movement, and for their responses to three major abiotic stresses, i.e. hard soil structure, drought and flooding. The volume concludes with the interactions of roots with other organisms of the complex soil ecosystem, including symbiosis, competition, and the function of roots as a food source.
| Author | : H.L. Tuller |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 492 |
| Release | : 2000-10-31 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780792362531 |
Progress in the development of oxygen ion and mixed conductors is responsible for innovations in gas sensors, fuel cells, oxygen permeation membranes, oxygen pumps and electrolyzers. Commercialization has been impeded by material stability and compatibility issues, high fabrication costs and an inadequate understanding of the interfacial phenomena controlling the operation of the devices. Here, a group of experts cover all the key topical areas, ranging from fundamentals relating to (a) defects, electrochemical and interfacial processes, (b) catalysis, electrocatalysis and gas reforming, to design and fabrication, including (c) advanced electroceramic processing methods, (d) materials selection and optimization, (e) and applications including scale-up, commercialization and competitive technologies. Readership: Materials scientists, chemists, physicists and chemical and electrical engineers, either first entering the field or active within it.
| Author | : Michael E. Aulton |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 909 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0702042900 |
"Pharmaceutics is the art of pharmaceutical preparations. It encompasses design of drugs, their manufacture and the elimination of micro-organisms from the products. This book encompasses all of these areas."--Provided by publisher.
| Author | : Alain C. Pierre |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 716 |
| Release | : 2020-03-10 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030381447 |
This book presents a broad, general introduction to the processing of Sol-Gel technologies. This updated volume serves as a general handbook for researchers and students entering the field. This new edition provides updates in fields that have undergone rapid developments, such as Ceramics, Catalysis, Chromatropgraphy, biomaterials, glass science, and optics. It provides a simple, compact resource that can also be used in graduate-level materials science courses.
| Author | : Lisa C. Klein |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 589 |
| Release | : 2013-11-27 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461527503 |
Sol--Gel--Optics encompasses numerous schemes for fabricating optical materials from gels -- materials such as bulk optics, optical waveguides, doped oxides for laser and nonlinear optics, gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics, chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and `smart' windows. Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications provides in-depth coverage of the synthesis and fabrication of these materials and discusses the optics related to microporous, amorphous, crystalline and composite materials. The reader will also find in this book detailed descriptions of new developments in silica optics, bulk optics, waveguides and thin films. Various applications to sensor and device technology are highlighted. For researchers and students looking for novel optical materials, processing methods or device ideas, Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications surveys a wide array of promising new avenues for further investigation and for innovative applications. (This book is the first in a new subseries entitled `Electronic Materials: Science and Technology).
| Author | : Joel K. Swadesh |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 480 |
| Release | : 2000-12-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1420042661 |
Product specifications, regulatory constraints, and tight production schedules impose considerable pressures on separation scientists in industry. The first edition of HPLC: Practical and Industrial Applications helped eliminate the need for extensive library or laboratory research when confronting a problem, an unfamiliar technique, or work in a n
| Author | : Kathy Lu |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 379 |
| Release | : 2012-09-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118408950 |
Serving as the only systematic and comprehensive treatment on the topic of nanoparticle-based materials, this book covers synthesis, characterization, assembly, shaping and sintering of all types of nanoparticles including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. A single-authored work, it is suitable as a graduate-level text in nanomaterials courses.
