Organic Acids
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| Author | : D. Perrin |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 154 |
| Release | : 2013-06-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400958838 |
Many chemists and biochemists require to know the ionization constants of organic acids and bases. This is evident from the Science Citation Index which lists The Determination of Ionization Constants by A. Albert and E. P. Serjeant (1971) as one of the most widely quoted books in the chemical literature. Although, ultimately, there is no satisfactory alternative to experimental measurement, it is not always convenient or practicable to make the necessary measure ments and calculations. Moreover, the massive pK. compilations currently available provide values for only a small fraction of known or possible acids or bases. For example, the compilations listed in Section 1. 3 give pK. data for some 6 000--8 000 acids, whereas if the conservative estimate is made that there are one hundred different substituent groups available to substitute in the benzene ring of benzoic acid, approximately five million tri-substituted benzoic acids are theoretically possible. Thus we have long felt that it is useful to consider methods by which a pK. value might be predicted as an interim value to within several tenths of a pH unit using arguments based on linear free energy relationships, by analogy, by extrapolation, by interpolation from existing data, or in some other way. This degree of precision may be adequate for many purposes such as the recording of spectra of pure species (as anion, neutral molecule or cation), for selection of conditions favourable to solvent extraction, and for the interpretation of pH-profiles for organic reactions.
| Author | : Cesar Vargas |
| Publisher | : Nova Science Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2016-12 |
| Genre | : Organic compounds |
| ISBN | : 9781634859318 |
Organic acids are compounds with acidic properties and occur naturally in a number of foods. They are mainly present in fermented products as a result of hydrolysis, biochemical metabolism, and microbial activity. This book provides research on the characteristics, properties and synthesis of organic acids. Chapter One reviews the application of organic acids in food preservation. Chapter Two provides a chromatographic analysis organic acids in food from animal origin. Chapter Three discusses the diversity of organic acids content in green and roasted Coffea arabica cultivars. Chapter Four studies the effects of organic acids and polysaccharides on the solubility of oyster-derived zinc digested in vitro. Chapter Five examines the evaporation of organic acids aqueous solutions through spread films of polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes. Chapter Six discusses the influence of liquid absorption and the effect of downstream pressure on the separation performance of pervaporation of acetic acid aqueous solutions.
| Author | : Maria M. Theron |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 342 |
| Release | : 2010-09-16 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1420078437 |
Although organic acids have been used to counteract pathogens in food for many years, there is a glaring need to assess and improve their continued effectiveness and sustainability. There is also a growing demand for foods that are produced using milder treatments (e.g., less heat, salt, sugar, and chemicals) and newer technologies to prevent the g
| Author | : Cheng-Sheng Lee |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 394 |
| Release | : 2015-06-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0470962887 |
Fish nutrition can be the deciding factor between a robust and healthy farmed fish population and low aquaculture production. In an age where chemicals and antibiotics are under greater scrutiny than ever, a strong understanding of the role of nutrients and feed additives is essential in the aquaculture industry. Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health is a comprehensive review of dietary nutrients, antinutritional factors and toxins, and non-nutrient dietary additives, and their effects on fish performance and immune system function, as well as overall health. The book opens with an overview of fish immune systems and health. Subsequent chapters delve into proteins and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, beta glucans, vitamins, minerals, antinutrients, mycotoxins, nucleotides, prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and their salts, and plant extracts and their impacts on fish health, growth, and development. The text then concludes with a chapter on feeding practices. Authored by leaders in aquaculture, Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health will be an invaluable resource to graduate students, researchers and professionals alike.
| Author | : N. Blau |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 732 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 364255878X |
This second edition of The Physician's Guide provides paediatricians and other physicians with a unique aid to help them select the correct diagnosis from a bewildering array of complex clinical and laboratory data. Delay and mistakes in the diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases may have devastating consequences. The guide, which includes a CD-ROM, describes 298 disorders which have been grouped into 35 chapters according to the type of condition. Within each group of disorders, chapters provide tables of pertinent clinical findings as well as reference and pathological values for crucial metabolites. Relevant metabolic pathways and diagnostic flow charts are included. There are three indices to make the book as user-friendly as possible.
| Author | : Carla E. M. Hollak |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 657 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0199972133 |
As clinical management of inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) has improved, more patients affected by these conditions are surviving into adulthood. This trend, coupled with the widespread recognition that IMDs can present differently and for the first time during adulthood, makes the need for a working knowledge of these diseases more important than ever. Inherited Metabolic Disease in Adults offers an authoritative clinical guide to the adult manifestations of these challenging and myriad conditions. These include both the classic pediatric-onset conditions and a number of new diseases that can manifest at any age. It is the first book to give a clear and concise overview of how this group of conditions affects adult patients, a that topic will become a growing imperative for physicians across primary and specialized care.
| Author | : R. Chalmers |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 531 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400957785 |
The writing of this book was prompted by the need for a comprehensive of current data on organic acids suitable for both newcomers and collection established researchers in this field. The only previous text of the kind was the excellent review by Nordmann and Nordmann (1961), and at that time the main method of analysis was paper chromatography with liquid chromatography being used in a limited way. Only three diseases in which organic acids accumulate were known (primary hyperoxaluria, phenylketonuria and alcaptonuria). Since then, with the development of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the further development ofliquid chromatography, knowledge concerning the nature of the organic acids in physiological fluids has been greatly extended. At the same time, the number of organic acidurias has increased dramatically, there being now some 40-50 known diseases of this type. During the past 15 years or so, there have been several reviews, dealing with either specific diseases or groups of diseases (Gompertz, 1972, 1974; Tanaka, 1975), or presenting the proceedings of symposia (Stern and Toothill, 1972) or workshops (Marner et al. , 1974). This present text deals comprehensively and in detail with the organic acids in human physiological fluids in health and in disease states, and is particularly concerned with the methods necessary for their separation, determination and indentification.
| Author | : R. D. King |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400934114 |
Biotechnology in its many guises has developed very considerably over the last few years. We now feel that it is appropriate for the publication of a series of books that discuss the technical aspects of biotechnology specifically as applied to foods, and in particular concentrating on new and emerging techniques, processes and products. Food is without doubt one of the oldest bioindustries; however, some of the new areas of biotechnology, such as diagnostic and health-care applications, are likely to mature much faster than applications in the food industry. Eventually, however, biotechnology must have a very great impact on a wide scale in the food industry, simply because of the size and diversity of the industry, and because most food products are substantially natural in origin and are therefore very suitable for processing by biocatalysts. Some of the ways in which the food industry is likely to be affected by developments in biotechnology include the following: The modification of food components to give products with new and/or improved properties, for instance high fructose corn syrups, and by modifying the functional properties of proteins. New methods of assaying food constituents, such as immobilized enzyme sensors. New processes for the production of foods and food components, for instance the use of plant cell cultures for the production of flavours. Many of these topics will be described in detail in this series of books.
| Author | : Seyed Mohammad Nabavi |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 880 |
| Release | : 2020-03-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0128175192 |
Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis is a thorough guide to the latest analytical methods used for identifying and studying bioactive phytochemicals and other natural products. Chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids and saponins are examined, highlighting the many techniques for studying their properties. Each chapter is devoted to a compound category, beginning with the underlying chemical properties of the main components followed by techniques of extraction, purification and fractionation, and then techniques of identification and quantification. Biological activities, possible interactions, levels found in plants, the effects of processing, and current and potential industrial applications are also included. - Focuses on the latest analytical techniques used for studying phytochemical and other biological compounds - Authored and edited by the top worldwide experts in their field - Discusses the current and potential applications and predicts future trends of each compound group
| Author | : Dennis G. Hall |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 571 |
| Release | : 2006-05-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527606823 |
For the first time, the whole field of organoboronic acids is presented in one comprehensive handbook. Professor Dennis Hall, a rising star within the community, covers all aspects of this important substance class, including applications in chemistry, biology and medicine. Starting with an introduction to the structure, properties, and preparation of boronic acid derivatives, together with an overview of their reactions and applications, the book goes on to look at metal-catalyzed borylation of alkanes and arenas, coupling reactions and rhodium-catalyzed additions of boronic acids to alkenes and carbonyl compounds. There follows chapters on copper-promoted C-O and C-N cross-coupling of boronic acids, recent applications in organic synthesis, as well as alpha-haloalkylboronic esters in asymmetric synthesis. Later sections deal with cycloadditions, organoboronic acids, oxazaborolidines as asymmetric inducers, and boronic acid based receptors and sensors. The whole is rounded off with experimental procedures, making this invaluable reading for organic, catalytic and medicinal chemists, as well as those working in organometallics.
