Optimisation Of The Performance Of Thin Film Solar Cells
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Optimization of Film Morphology for the Performance of Organic Thin Film Solar Cells
| Author | : Eric S. Muckley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 138 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Organic semiconductors |
| ISBN | : 9781303209093 |
Abstract: The power conversion efficiency of organic thin film solar cells must be improved before they can become commercially competitive alternatives to silicon-based photovoltaics. Exciton diffusion and charge carrier migration in organic films are strongly influenced by film morphology, which can be controlled by the substrate temperature during film growth. Zinc-phthalocyaninelbuckminsterfullerene bilayer film devices are fabricated with substrate temperatures between 25 C and 224 C and their solar cell performance is investigated here. The device open-circuit voltage, efficiency, and fill factor all exhibit peaks when films are grown at temperatures between 160 C and 180 C, which is likely a result of both the increase in shunt resistance and reduction in undesirable back diode effects which occur between l00 C and 180 C. The device performance can also be attributed to changes in the film crystallite size, roughness, and abundance of pinholes, as well as the occurrence of crystalline phase transitions which occur in both zinc-phthalocyanine and buckminsterfullerene between 150 C and 200 C. The unusually high open-circuit voltage (1.2 V), low short-circuit current density (0.03 mA/cm 2), and low device efficiency (0.04%) reported here are reminiscent of single layer phthalocyanine-based Schottky solar cells, which suggests that pinholes in bilayer film devices can effectively lead to the formation of Schottky diodes.
Solar Cells
| Author | : Ahmed Mourtada Elseman |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 489 |
| Release | : 2021-09-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1838810161 |
Solar cell energy is the single most pressing issue facing humanity, with a more technologically advanced society requiring better energy resources. This book discusses technologies broadly, depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. The major areas covered in this book are: • The theory of solar cells, which explains the conversion of light energy in photons into electric current. The theoretical studies are practical because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell. • The design and development of thin-film technology-based solar cells. • State of the art for bulk material applied for solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si), also known as “solar grade silicon,” and emerging photovoltaics.
Optimization of Processing and Modeling Issues for Thin Film Solar Cell Devices
| Author | : J. E. Phillips |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This report describes results achieved during a three-year subcontract to develop and understand thin-film solar cell technology associated to CuInSe2 and related alloys, a-Si and its alloys, and CdTe. Modules based on all these thin films are promising candidates to meet DOE long-range efficiency, reliability, and manufacturing cost goals. The critical issues being addressed under this program are intended to provide the science and engineering basis for the development of viable commercial processes and to improve module performance. The generic research issues addressed are: (1) quantitative analysis of processing steps to provide information for efficient commercial-scale equipment design and operation; (2) device characterization relating the device performance to materials properties and process conditions; (3) development of alloy materials with different bandgaps to allow improved device structures for stability and compatibility with module design; (4) development of improved window/heterojunction layers and contacts to improve device performance and reliability; and (5) evaluation of cell stability with respect to illumination, temperature, and ambient and with respect to device structure and module encapsulation.
Optimisation of Cu(In,Ga)Se_1tn2 Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules for Low Irradiance Conditions
| Author | : Alessandro Virtuani |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 134 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9783832236038 |
Thin Film Solar Cells From Earth Abundant Materials
| Author | : Subba Ramaiah Kodigala |
| Publisher | : Newnes |
| Total Pages | : 197 |
| Release | : 2013-11-14 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0123971829 |
The fundamental concept of the book is to explain how to make thin film solar cells from the abundant solar energy materials by low cost. The proper and optimized growth conditions are very essential while sandwiching thin films to make solar cell otherwise secondary phases play a role to undermine the working function of solar cells. The book illustrates growth and characterization of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film absorbers and their solar cells. The fabrication process of absorber layers by either vacuum or non-vacuum process is readily elaborated in the book, which helps for further development of cells. The characterization analyses such as XPS, XRD, SEM, AFM etc., lead to tailor the physical properties of the absorber layers to fit well for the solar cells. The role of secondary phases such as ZnS, Cu2-xS,SnS etc., which are determined by XPS, XRD or Raman, in the absorber layers is promptly discussed. The optical spectroscopy analysis, which finds band gap, optical constants of the films, is mentioned in the book. The electrical properties of the absorbers deal the influence of substrates, growth temperature, impurities, secondary phases etc. The low temperature I-V and C-V measurements of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells are clearly described. The solar cell parameters such as efficiency, fill factor, series resistance, parallel resistance provide handful information to understand the mechanism of physics of thin film solar cells in the book. The band structure, which supports to adjust interface states at the p-n junction of the solar cells is given. On the other hand the role of window layers with the solar cells is discussed. The simulation of theoretical efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells explains how much efficiency can be experimentally extracted from the cells. - One of the first books exploring how to conduct research on thin film solar cells, including reducing costs - Detailed instructions on conducting research
Performance Optimization of Cu(In1-x,Gax)(Se1-y,Sy)2 Thin-film Solar Cells by Characterization and Modelling of Temperature and Low-light Behavior
| Author | : Hamsa Ahmed |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In this work, the impact of structural variations of CIGS solar cells on their temperature coefficients, their stability, and their low light performance is studied. The layer modifications implemented for this study include different buffer, window layers and back contacts materials, and different double graded absorbers with change in their thickness and sodium post deposition treatment. It was demonstrated that the absorber layer exhibits the largest influence on the temperature dependence of the power output amongst all modified layers of the structure. The buffer and the absorber elemental composition showed to play an important role in the elemental interdiffusion and hence led to the creation of amphoteric defects that are light and temperature sensitive. Studies on the impact of different solar cell structures on the shift of the dominant recombination region at different light intensities were also performed.
Optimization, Design and Performance Analysis of Light Trapping Structures in Thin Film Solar Cells
| Author | : Shima Hajimirza |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 464 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Solar cells are at the frontier of renewable energy technologies. Photovoltaic energy is clean, reusable, can be used anywhere in our solar system and can be very well integrated with power distribution grids and advanced technological systems. Thin film solar cells are a class of solar cells that offer low material cost, efficient fabrication process and compatibility with advanced electronics. However, as of now, the conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells is inferior to that of thick crystalline cells. Research efforts to improve the performance bottlenecks of thin film solar cells are highly motivated. A class of techniques towards this goal is called light trapping methods, which aims at improving the spectral absorptivity of a thin film cell by using surface texturing. The precise mathematical and physical characterization of these techniques is very challenging. This dissertation proposes a numerical and computational framework to optimize, design, and fabricate efficient light trapping structures in thin film solar cells, as well as methods to verify the fabricated designs. The numerical framework is based on the important "inverse optimization" technique, which is very is widely applicable to engineering design problems. An overview of the state-of-the-art thin film technology and light trapping techniques is presented in this thesis. The inverse problem is described in details with numerous examples in engineering applications, and is then applied to light trapping optimization. The proposed designs are studied for sensitivity analysis and fabrication error, as other aspects of the proposed computational framework. At the end, reports of fabrication, measurement and verification of some of the proposed designs are presented.
Performance Optimization of Cu(In1-x,Gax)(Se1-y,Sy)2 Thin-film Solar Cells by Characterization and Modelling of Temperature and Low-light Behavior
| Author | : Hamsa Ahmed |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2021 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In this work, the impact of structural variations of CIGS solar cells on their temperature coefficients, their stability, and their low light performance is studied. The layer modifications implemented for this study include different buffer, window layers and back contacts materials, and different double graded absorbers with change in their thickness and sodium post deposition treatment. It was demonstrated that the absorber layer exhibits the largest influence on the temperature dependence of the power output amongst all modified layers of the structure. The buffer and the absorber elemental composition showed to play an important role in the elemental interdiffusion and hence led to the creation of amphoteric defects that are light and temperature sensitive. Studies on the impact of different solar cell structures on the shift of the dominant recombination region at different light intensities were also performed.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Reduced Thickness CIGSeS Thin Film Solar Cells
| Author | : Shirish A. Pethe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 116 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Copper indium selenide |
| ISBN | : |
With further optimization of the reaction process of the absorber layer as well as the other layers higher efficiencies can be achieved. The effect of sodium on the device performance is experimentally verified in this work. To the best of our knowledge the detrimental effect of excess sodium has been verified by experimental data and effort has been made to correlate the variation in PV parameter to theoretical models of effect of sodium. It has been a regular practice to deposit thin barrier layer prior to molybdenum deposition to reduce the micrononuniformities caused due to nonuniform out diffusion of sodium from the soda lime glass. However, it was proven in this work that an optimally thick barrier layer is necessary to reduce the out diffusion of sodium to negligible quantities and thus reduce the micrononuniformities. Molybdenum back contact deposition is a bottleneck in high volume manufacturing due to the current state of art where multi layer molybdenum film needs to be deposited to achieve the required properties. In order to understand and solve this problem experiments were carried out. The effect of working distance (distance between the target and the substrate) on film properties was studied and is presented in this work. During the course of this work efforts were taken to carry out a systematic and detailed study of some of the fundamental issues related to CIGS technology and particular for high volume manufacturing of CIGS PV modules and lay a good foundation for further improvement of PV performance of CIGS thin film solar cells prepared by the two step process of selenization and sulfurization of sputtered metallic precursors.
