On Retaliation
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| Author | : Bertram Turner |
| Publisher | : Berghahn Books |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2017-04-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1785334190 |
Retaliation is associated with all forms of social and political organization, and retaliatory logics inform many different conflict resolution procedures from consensual settlement to compensation to violent escalations. This book derives a concept of retaliation from the overall notion of reciprocity, defining retaliation as the human disposition to strive for a reactive balancing of conflicts and injustices. On Retaliation presents a synthesized approach to both the violence-generating and violence-avoiding potentials of retaliation. Contributors to this volume touch upon the interaction between retaliation and violence, the state’s monopoly on legitimate punishment and the factors of socio-political frameworks, religious interpretations and economic processes.
| Author | : Lorien Foote |
| Publisher | : UNC Press Books |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2021-10-07 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 146966528X |
During the Civil War, Union and Confederate politicians, military commanders, everyday soldiers, and civilians claimed their approach to the conflict was civilized, in keeping with centuries of military tradition meant to restrain violence and preserve national honor. One hallmark of civilized warfare was a highly ritualized approach to retaliation. This ritual provided a forum to accuse the enemy of excessive behavior, to negotiate redress according to the laws of war, and to appeal to the judgment of other civilized nations. As the war progressed, Northerners and Southerners feared they were losing their essential identity as civilized, and the attention to retaliation grew more intense. When Black soldiers joined the Union army in campaigns in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, raiding plantations and liberating enslaved people, Confederates argued the war had become a servile insurrection. And when Confederates massacred Black troops after battle, killed white Union foragers after capture, and used prisoners of war as human shields, Federals thought their enemy raised the black flag and embraced savagery. Blending military and cultural history, Lorien Foote's rich and insightful book sheds light on how Americans fought over what it meant to be civilized and who should be extended the protections of a civilized world.
| Author | : David P. Barash |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 223 |
| Release | : 2011-02-01 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0199752982 |
From the child taunted by her playmates to the office worker who feels stifled in his daily routine, people frequently take out their pain and anger on others, even those who had nothing to do with the original stress. The bullied child may kick her puppy, the stifled worker yells at his children: Payback can be directed anywhere, sometimes at inanimate things, animals, or other people. In Payback, the husband-and wife team of evolutionary biologist David Barash and psychiatrist Judith Lipton offer an illuminating look at this phenomenon, showing how it has evolved, why it occurs, and what we can do about it. Retaliation and revenge are well known to most people. We all know what it is like to want to get even, get justice, or take revenge. What is new in this book is an extended discussion of redirected aggression, which occurs not only in people but other species as well. The authors reveal that it's not just a matter of yelling at your spouse "because" your boss yells at you. Indeed, the phenomenon of redirected aggression--so-called to differentiate it from retaliation and revenge, the other main forms of payback--haunts our criminal courts, our streets, our battlefields, our homes, and our hearts. It lurks behind some of the nastiest and seemingly inexplicable things that otherwise decent people do, from road rage to yelling at a crying baby. And it exists across boundaries of every kind--culture, time, geography, and even species. Indeed, it's not just a human phenomenon. Passing pain to others can be seen in birds and horses, fish and primates--in virtually all vertebrates. It turns out that there is robust neurobiological hardware and software promoting redirected aggression, as well as evolutionary underpinnings. Payback may be natural, the authors conclude, but we are capable of rising above it, without sacrificing self-esteem and social status. They show how the various human responses to pain and suffering can be managed--mindfully, carefully, and humanely.
| Author | : Deborah England |
| Publisher | : NOLO |
| Total Pages | : 330 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9781413310498 |
Considers the practical realities of applying the law on a day-to-day basis and answers all the common questions, covering: what harrassment is and how to stop it, when and how discrimination occurs, how to conduct training, how to handle employee complaints, and much more. Original.
| Author | : Roxella T. Cavazos |
| Publisher | : American Bar Association |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9781641053013 |
Harassment claims based on sex, not just sexual conduct or language, continue to increase. At the same time, these cases are becoming more complex and difficult to litigate. With the in-depth contributions of seasoned employment law practitioners from across the country, this important book provides a best practices guide for attorneys who litigate cases on behalf of plaintiff/employees and defendants/employers. Focusing on gender harassment and retaliation under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the book begins by providing a platform for which the practitioner can assess and handle gender harassment and retaliation case. The book supplies guidance for performing a thorough analysis of the elements which must be proven and should be considered throughout the litigation of a claim, including planning and defending depositions.
| Author | : Chad P. Bown |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 693 |
| Release | : 2010-01-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0521119979 |
A critical assessment of trade retaliation in the WTO by academics, diplomats and practitioners involved in such actions.
| Author | : Bruce A. Jacobs |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 2006-05-22 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9780521617987 |
This study examines the structure, process and forms of retaliation in contemporary urban America where street criminals employ it instead of recourse to the criminal justice system. It explores retaliation from a first hand perspective, based on interviews with currently active street criminals rather than prisoners.
| Author | : Fritz Haselberger |
| Publisher | : White Mane Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : History |
| ISBN | : 9781572491137 |
A purely military history which traces the 1864 campaign of Brig. Gen. John McCausland's division of Confederate cavalry that resulted in the retaliatory raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Also treated are the two weeks following the burning of Chambersburg. The author argues that the raid resulted in Lincoln's instructions to General Grant to cease the destruction of civilian property by the Union army.
| Author | : Mark Gardner |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 302 |
| Release | : 2017-01-03 |
| Genre | : Fiction |
| ISBN | : 9780998549101 |
The Martians have a plan to end all of humanity.1898: Martian tripods lay waste to Earth's cities. The world's armies are unable to stem the tide of destruction. When all hope appears lost, common bacteria kills the alien invaders. From the ashes, the human race uses the technology left behind by the Martians to build new, advanced weapons.1924: Armed with their own spaceships, tripods, and jet fighters, the nations of the world are ready to take the fight to Mars. George Patton, Erwin Rommel, Charles de Gaulle, and Georgy Zhukov lead their troops in battle across the red planet to end the alien menace once and for all. But the Martians have one last, desperate plan to try, and if successful, it could mean the end for all humanity.
| Author | : Madeleine Merkx |
| Publisher | : Kluwer Law International B.V. |
| Total Pages | : 314 |
| Release | : 2013-08-01 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9041148221 |
Drawing on EU VAT implementing regulations, ECJ case law, and national case law, this ground-breaking book provides the first in-depth, coherent legal analysis of how the massively changed circumstances of the last two decades affect the EU VAT Directive, in particular the interpretation of its four specified types of establishment: place of establishment, fixed establishment, permanent address, and usual residence. Recognising that a consistent interpretation of types of establishment is of the utmost importance in ensuring avoidance of double or non-taxation, the author sheds clear light on such VAT issues as the following: ; the concept of fair distribution of taxing powers in VAT; role of the neutrality principle; legal certainty in VAT; place of business for a legal entity or partnership, for a natural person, for a VAT group; beginning and ending of a fixed establishment; the ‘purchase’ fixed establishment; meaning of ‘permanent address’ and ‘usual residence’; the position of the VAT entrepreneur with more than one fixed establishment across jurisdictions; whether supplies exchanged between establishments are taxable; administrative simplicity and efficiency; VAT audits and the prevention of fraud; the intervention rule and the reverse charge mechanism; right to deduct VAT for businesses with multiple establishments; and cross-border VAT grouping and fixed establishment. Thoroughly explained are exceptions that take precedence over the general rules, such as provisions regarding: immovable property; transport services; services relating to cultural, artistic, sporting, scientific, educational, entertainment, or similar activities; restaurant and catering services; electronically supplied services; transfers and assignments of intellectual property rights; advertising services; certain consulting services; banking, financial and insurance transactions; natural gas and electricity distribution; telecommunication services; and broadcasting services. As the first truly authoritative resource on a topic of increasing importance in international tax – a key topic for businesses, tax authorities, tax advisors, and government regulators – this book will be warmly welcomed by all professionals working with taxation in legal practice, business, academe, and government.
