Time-to-Digital Converters

Time-to-Digital Converters
Author: Stephan Henzler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2010-03-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9048186285

Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.

All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS

All-Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep-Submicron CMOS
Author: Robert Bogdan Staszewski
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2006-09-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0470041943

A new and innovative paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design Learn the techniques for designing and implementing an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer. In contrast to traditional RF techniques, this innovative book sets forth digitally intensive design techniques that lead the way to the development of low-cost, low-power, and highly integrated circuits for RF functions in deep submicron CMOS processes. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate how the architecture enables readers to integrate an RF front-end with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die using standard ASIC design flow. Taking a bottom-up approach that progressively builds skills and knowledge, the book begins with an introduction to basic concepts of frequency synthesis and then guides the reader through an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer design: Chapter 2 presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which is the foundation of a novel architecture, and introduces a time-domain model used for analysis and VHDL simulation Chapter 3 adds a hierarchical layer of arithmetic abstraction to the DCO that makes it easier to operate algorithmically Chapter 4 builds a phase correction mechanism around the DCO such that the system's frequency drift or wander performance matches that of the stable external frequency reference Chapter 5 presents an application of the all-digital RF synthesizer Chapter 6 describes the behavioral modeling and simulation methodology used in design The final chapter presents the implementation of a full transmitter and experimental results. The novel ideas presented here have been implemented and proven in two high-volume, commercial single-chip radios developed at Texas Instruments: Bluetooth and GSM. While the focus of the book is on RF frequency synthesizer design, the techniques can be applied to the design of other digitally assisted analog circuits as well. This book is a must-read for students and engineers who want to learn a new paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design using digitally intensive design techniques.

CMOS

CMOS
Author: R. Jacob Baker
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 1074
Release: 2008
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0470229411

This edition provides an important contemporary view of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks, the BSIM model, data converter architectures, and more. The authors develop design techniques for both long- and short-channel CMOS technologies and then compare the two.

Nonuniform Sampling

Nonuniform Sampling
Author: Farokh Marvasti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 938
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1461512298

Our understanding of nature is often through nonuniform observations in space or time. In space, one normally observes the important features of an object, such as edges. The less important features are interpolated. History is a collection of important events that are nonuniformly spaced in time. Historians infer between events (interpolation) and politicians and stock market analysts forecast the future from past and present events (extrapolation). The 20 chapters of Nonuniform Sampling: Theory and Practice contain contributions by leading researchers in nonuniform and Shannon sampling, zero crossing, and interpolation theory. Its practical applications include NMR, seismology, speech and image coding, modulation and coding, optimal content, array processing, and digital filter design. It has a tutorial outlook for practising engineers and advanced students in science, engineering, and mathematics. It is also a useful reference for scientists and engineers working in the areas of medical imaging, geophysics, astronomy, biomedical engineering, computer graphics, digital filter design, speech and video processing, and phased array radar.

CMOS Current Amplifiers

CMOS Current Amplifiers
Author: Kimmo Koli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2006-04-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0306480034

This "current-amplifier cookbook" contains an extensive review of different current amplifier topologies realisable with modern CMOS integration technologies. The book derives the seldom-discussed issue of high-frequency distortion performance for all reviewed amplifier topologies, using as simple and intuitive mathematical methods as possible.

The Engineering Index Annual

The Engineering Index Annual
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 2264
Release: 1992
Genre: Engineering
ISBN:

Since its creation in 1884, Engineering Index has covered virtually every major engineering innovation from around the world. It serves as the historical record of virtually every major engineering innovation of the 20th century. Recent content is a vital resource for current awareness, new production information, technological forecasting and competitive intelligence. The world?s most comprehensive interdisciplinary engineering database, Engineering Index contains over 10.7 million records. Each year, over 500,000 new abstracts are added from over 5,000 scholarly journals, trade magazines, and conference proceedings. Coverage spans over 175 engineering disciplines from over 80 countries. Updated weekly.