OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 442D: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event on Keratinocyte activation

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 442D: In Vitro Skin Sensitisation Assays addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway Key Event on Keratinocyte activation
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 67
Release: 2018-06-27
Genre:
ISBN: 9264229825

This Test Guideline (TG) provides an in vitro procedure (the ARE-Nrf2 luciferase test method) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers in accordance with the UN GHS.

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 442C: In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway key event on covalent binding to proteins

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 442C: In Chemico Skin Sensitisation Assays addressing the Adverse Outcome Pathway key event on covalent binding to proteins
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 63
Release: 2015-02-05
Genre:
ISBN: 9264229701

This Test Guideline addresses the human health hazard endpoint skin sensitisation, following exposure to a test chemical. It provides an in chemico procedure (Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay – DPRA) used for supporting the discrimination between skin sensitisers and non-sensitisers.

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Guideline No. 497: Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Guideline No. 497: Defined Approaches on Skin Sensitisation
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 53
Release: 2023-07-04
Genre:
ISBN: 9264903003

A Defined Approach (DA) consists of a selection of information sources (e.g in silico predictions, in chemico, in vitro data) used in a specific combination, and resulting data are interpreted using a fixed data interpretation procedure (DIP) (e.g. a mathematical, rule-based model). DAs use methods in combination and are intended to overcome some limitations of the individual, stand-alone methods.

Contact Dermatitis

Contact Dermatitis
Author: Peter J. Frosch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1176
Release: 2006
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9783540244714

Accompanying CD-ROM includes "all clinical photographs and important diagrams"--p. [vii].

Test No. 435: In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion

Test No. 435: In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 15
Release: 2006-08-17
Genre:
ISBN: 9264067310

This Test Guideline is for an in vitro membrane barrier test method that can be used to identify corrosive substances. The test method utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive substances in a manner similar to animal skin in ...

Alternatives to Animal Testing

Alternatives to Animal Testing
Author: Hajime Kojima
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 136
Release: 2018-12-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9811324476

This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.

Green Toxicology

Green Toxicology
Author: Alexandra Maertens
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2022-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1839164409

Green toxicology is an integral part of green chemistry. One of the key goals of green chemistry is to design less toxic chemicals. Therefore, an understanding of toxicology and hazard assessment is important for any chemist working in green chemistry, but toxicology is rarely part of most chemists' education. As a consequence, chemists lack the toxicological lens necessary to view chemicals in order to design safer substitutions. This book seeks to fill that gap and demonstrate how a basic understanding of toxicology, as well as the tools of in silico and in vitro toxicology, can be an integral part of green chemistry. R&D chemists, product stewards, and toxicologists who work in the field of sustainability, can all benefit from integrating green toxicology principles into their work. Topics include in silico tools for hazard assessment, toxicity testing, and lifecycle considerations, this book aims to act as a bridge between green toxicologists and green chemists.