OECD Series on Testing and Assessment The Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation Initiated by Covalent Binding to Proteins

OECD Series on Testing and Assessment The Adverse Outcome Pathway for Skin Sensitisation Initiated by Covalent Binding to Proteins
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2014-09-03
Genre:
ISBN: 9264221441

This document describes the state of knowledge of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for skin sensitisation initiated by covalent binding to proteins, assesses the weight-of-evidence supporting the AOP, identifies the key events, and identifies databases containing test results related to key events.

A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment

A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment
Author: Laura Robinson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2018-11-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118882075

Toxicology – the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms is the cornerstone to all aspects of chemical safety and knowledge of the subject is needed in a wide spectrum of fields from the chemical industry to medicine, emergency services, forensics, and regulatory science. Toxicology involves the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning ... especially the poisoning of people. The many problems arising from a poor understanding of toxicology and its applications in hazard communication and chemical safety motivated the author's training courses and webinars, leading to this valuable book. Providing a practical and accessible guide, A Practical Guide to Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment enables readers to quickly build up knowledge and understanding of toxicology and its use in hazard identification, which is a fundamental part of chemical risk assessment. The book also covers current toxicological testing strategies and the use of physicochemical test data in hazard identification and exposure assessment. Examples are provided throughout the book to highlight important issues along with a summary of the key points that have been covered in each of the respective chapters. The book concludes with a listing of online resources on toxicology and risk assessment.

Emerging Nanotechnologies in Immunology

Emerging Nanotechnologies in Immunology
Author: Ranjita Shegokar
Publisher: William Andrew
Total Pages: 291
Release: 2018-05-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0323401139

Emerging Nanotechnologies in Immunology aims to deliver a systematic and comprehensive review of data concerning the nature of interaction and nano-related risks between the nanophamaceuticals currently in the pipeline of S&T development for skin, ocular, and nasal drug delivery, including absorption, toxicity, and the ability to distribute after systemic exposure.The scientific development of manufactured nanomaterials for drug delivery is increasing rapidly. One of the most prominent applications is topical drug delivery, where cutaneous, ocular, and nasal exposure becomes even more relevant. These targets are the first barrier that nanoparticles encounter when in contact with the human body.The contributors addresses a representative set of the broad spectrum of nanopharmaceuticals currently being used, including cationic lipid nanoparticles, polymeric PLGA, PLA nanoparticles, biomacromolecules-based nanoparticles, and other scaffolds tissue engineered skin substitutes. Regulation and risk is also covered, since the safety of these nanophamaceuticals still represents a barrier to their wide innovative use. - Provides the reader with a thorough knowledge of the safety aspects of nanopharmaceuticals which are currently under research - Focuses on the characterization and quantification of the nanopharmaceuticals - Allows readers to understand the correlation between the nature of the materials and their potential nanotoxicological effects - Includes an overview of regulatory aspects related to the R&D of nanopharmaceuticals

Challenges in Sun Protection

Challenges in Sun Protection
Author: Christian Surber
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2021-10-25
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3318066087

In the early 20th century, tanned skin was associated with good health. However, people began to protect themselves against potential overexposure to avoid sunburns. Around 1945, the first sunscreen products became available. In the years to follow, a vast number of different sunscreen filters and frameworks regulating filter substances and preparations, and methods characterizing sunscreen products were developed. The perception regarding the tasks of sunscreen products changed several times – initially it was promoted as a lifestyle product, then as a skin cancer preventive means, and more recently also for anti-aging. Different purposes and the widespread use of these products have led to myriad studies and a wealth of information. In this volume, the editors present a current collection of information analyzing and discussing issues related to sunscreen products and their use. These include challenges regarding the ideal sunscreen product including filter selection and formulation issues, measurement methods, performance characterization, safety, and regulatory issues. Further papers address topics related to the use of sunscreen products in everyday life, in vulnerable cohorts and outdoor workers. Controversial topics such as environmental effects of sunscreen products and the risks and benefits of UV radiation in the context of skin cancer, vitamin D and cardiovascular and metabolic health are also covered.

Test No. 489: In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay

Test No. 489: In Vivo Mammalian Alkaline Comet Assay
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 25
Release: 2014-09-26
Genre:
ISBN: 9264224173

The in vivo alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay, also called alkaline Comet Assay is a method measuring DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells.

Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology

Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology
Author: Joo-Hiuk Son
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 382
Release: 2014-06-13
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 146657044X

A number of applications including scientific spectroscopy, security screening, and medical imaging have benefitted from the development and utilization of new and emerging terahertz (THz) generation and detection techniques. Exploring recent discoveries and the advancements of biological behaviors through THz spectroscopy and imaging and the development of THz medical techniques, Terahertz Biomedical Science and Technology contains contributions from scientists and researchers in the terahertz biomedical field and is exclusively dedicated to new and emerging terahertz biomedical research and applications. This text offers an assessment of terahertz technology, and provides a compilation of fundamental biological studies conducted using terahertz waves. It introduces THz electromagnetic waves as a new tool for convergent studies, includes laser-based generation techniques and solid-state devices, contains a number of detectors, and discusses high-field generation methods. The material covers recent advancements in terahertz imaging for medical applications—most specifically in cancer diagnosis—reviewing the current status of the THz imaging technique for diagnosing cancers, and exploring the potential medical applications of THz radiation. It also considers the development of future medical applications using terahertz technology. Summarizes the recent progress made in THz waveguides, which are absolutely essential in the development of THz endoscopes Describes the dynamic imaging of drug absorption in skin, exploiting the sensitivity of THz waves to pharmaceutical materials Explores the principle and applications of THz molecular imaging techniques using nanoparticle probes Scientists and engineers involved in biological research and medical applications using optical techniques, as well as graduate students and instructors in optics, physics, electrical engineering, biology, chemistry, and medicine can benefit from this text which highlights new and emerging biomedical studies utilizing novel THz wave techniques.

OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on an Integrated Approach on Testing and Assessment (IATA) for Skin Corrosion and Irritation

OECD Series on Testing and Assessment Guidance Document on an Integrated Approach on Testing and Assessment (IATA) for Skin Corrosion and Irritation
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2017-04-13
Genre:
ISBN: 9264274693

This Guidance Document proposes an integrated approach on testing and assessment (IATA) for skin corrosion and irritation. It also provides consistent information on key characteristics of each of the individual information sources of the IATA, and relevant guidance on how to integrate ...