Oecd Economic Surveys Estonia 2019
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| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 119 |
| Release | : 2019-12-17 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264531718 |
Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 195 |
| Release | : 2019-06-25 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264883894 |
Well-being in New Zealand is generally high, although there is room for improvement in incomes, housing affordability, distribution, water quality and GHG emissions. Economic growth is projected to remain around 21⁄2 per cent. The main risks to the outlook are rising trade restrictions and a housing market correction. Labour market reforms have been initiated to increase wages for the low paid but will need to be implemented cautiously to minimise potential adverse effects. Substantial planned increases in bank capital requirements should reduce the expected costs of financial crises but might reduce economic activity.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 128 |
| Release | : 2019-11-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264748075 |
Swiss citizens continue to enjoy high living standards on a range of dimensions. Economic growth has slowed but the healthy labour market is still supporting incomes and consumption. However, risks to the outlook are building. Monetary policy has been very accommodative but low interest rates are adding to financial risks. Fiscal policy is sound and debt low. There is scope to make greater use of available fiscal space. Adapting to population ageing is becoming pressing. This trend, along with digital transformation, will bring new opportunities for the economy and society, but challenges as well. Policies have not kept up with rising life expectancy, particularly the statutory retirement age. Updating the pension system and lowering barriers to working longer would ensure that workers continue to receive adequate incomes during retirement.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 142 |
| Release | : 2019-05-16 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264312269 |
The Economic Survey of China assesses the country’s recent macroeconomic performance and proposes policy measures to promote higher-quality growth. Policy recommendations relate to how to integrate product and labour markets and enhance inclusiveness.
| Author | : World Bank |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 254 |
| Release | : 2019-11-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464814414 |
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 124 |
| Release | : 2021-08-12 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264801545 |
Like many other countries, Malaysia was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic starting in early 2020. Its past policy prudence has allowed Malaysia to react swiftly and boldly to the public health and economic crisis.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 124 |
| Release | : 2021-05-27 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264555803 |
The Spanish economy entered a deep recession in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A strong government response has protected jobs and firms. However, the crisis has exacerbated long-standing structural challenges, such as high unemployment, inequalities and regional disparities.
| Author | : Oecd |
| Publisher | : OECD |
| Total Pages | : 132 |
| Release | : 2015-03-01 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789264230071 |
This OECD Economic Survey of China examines recent economic developments, policies and prospects. Special chapters cover skills and education as well as rural development.
| Author | : United Nations Publications |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2019-08-16 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9789211129496 |
This report focuses on special economic zones (SEZs) which are widely used across most developing and many developed economies. It explores the place of SEZs in today's global investment landscape and provides guidance for policymakers on how to make SEZs work for sustainable development. It presents international investment trends and prospects at global, regional and national levels, as well as the evolution of international production and global value chains. It analyses the latest developments in new policy measures for investment promotion, facilitation and regulation around the world.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 121 |
| Release | : 2022-06-28 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264578005 |
Since its independence, Estonia has made tremendous progress towards greater economic prosperity. Estonia enjoys solid institutions, political stability, a strong and credible fiscal policy, as well as a robust financial sector. Estonia is also a frontrunner in digital governance and innovation. Stable and secure digital services are in fact one of the factors that have allowed Estonia to cushion better than others the sanitary and economic shock from the pandemic.
