Jets from Young Stars IV

Jets from Young Stars IV
Author: Paulo Jorge Valente Garcia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 259
Release: 2009-11-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 364202288X

Astronomical jets are key astrophysical phenomena observed in gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei or young stars. Research on them has largely occurred within the domains of astronomical observations, astrophysical modeling and numerical simulations, but the recent advent of high energy density facilities has added experimental control to jet studies. Front-line research on jet launching and collimation requires a highly interdisciplinary approach and an elevated level of sophistication. Bridging the gaps between pure magnetohydrodynamics, thermo-chemical evolution, high angular resolution spectro-imaging and laboratory experiments is no small matter. This volume strives to bridge those very gaps. It offers a series of lectures which, taken as whole, act as a thorough reference for the foundations of this discipline. These lectures address the following: · laboratory jets physics from laser and z-pinch plasma experiments, · the magnetohydrodynamic theory of relativistic and non-relativistic stationary jets, · heating mechanisms in magnetohydrodynamic jets, from the solar magnetic reconnection to the molecular shock heating perspectives, · atomic and molecular microphysics of jet shocked material. In addition to the lectures, the book offers, in closing, a presentation of a series of observational diagnostics, thus allowing for the recovery of basic physical quantities from jet emission lines.

Jets From Young Stars III

Jets From Young Stars III
Author: Silvano Massaglia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 182
Release: 2008-08-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540769668

The study of the mechanisms that govern origin and propagation of stellar jets involves the treatment of many concurrent physical processes such as gravitation, hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, atomic physics and radiation. In the past years, an intensive work has been done looking for so- tions of the ideal MHD equations in the steady state limit as well as studying the stability of out?ows in the linear regime. These kind, of approaches have provided a contribution to the understanding of jets that can hardly be ov- estimated. However, the extension of the analyses to the time-dependent and nonlinear regimes could not be avoided, and the MHD numerical simulations were the only mean to achieve this goal. Intherecentyears,considerableprogresseshavebeenmadebythecom- tational?uiddynamiccommunityinthedevelopmentofnumericaltechniques, theso-calledhighresolutionshockcapturingschemes,wellsuitedforthetre- ment of supersonic ?ows with discontinuities. The numerical simulations of astrophysical jets took advantage of these developments; however new physics needed to be incorporated, such as magnetic ?eld e?ects, radiation losses by diluted gases, and proper astrophysics environments. These needs led to the nontrivial extension of the methods devised for the Euler equations of g- dynamics to the magneto-hydrodynamical system. On the other hand, the possibility of carrying out numerical calculations has been greatly facilitated bytheavailability, ononehand,ofpowerfulsupercomputersand,ontheother hand, of fast processors at low cost. Large scale 3D simulations of jets at high resolution are now possible thanks to supercomputers, but also high reso- tion 2D MHD simulations can be performed routinely on desktop computers.

Jets from Young Stars

Jets from Young Stars
Author: Jonathan Ferreira
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2007-08-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540680357

This volume presents the edited lecture notes of the First JETSET School on Jets from Young Stars: Models and Constraints, held by the Marie Curie Research and Training Network on JET Simulations, Experiments and Theory. The first half of the book is devoted to general observational constraints. The second section is devoted to theoretical knowledge of magneto-hydrodynamic processes pertinent to the jet launching mechanism in young stars.

Outflows from Young Stellar Objects

Outflows from Young Stellar Objects
Author: Edward C. Hansen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 138
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

"High resolution observations of Young Stellar Object (YSO) jets show them to be composed of many small-scale knots or clumps. 2-D and 3-D numerical simulations were conducted with the code AstroBEAR to study how such clumps interact and create morphologies and kinematic patterns seen in emission line observations. Two main classes of simulations were used in this study: outflows of spherical, over-dense clumps, and pulsed jets in which the pulsations create clumps within the jet. Such flows lead to the formation of bow shocks which then interact with each other as faster material overtakes slower material. We show that much of the spatial structure apparent in emission line images of jets arises from the dynamics and interactions of these bow shocks. The simulations show a variety of timedependent features, including bright knots associated with Mach stems where the shocks intersect, a 'frothy' emission structure that arises from the presence of the Non-linear Thin Shell Instability (NTSI) along the surfaces of the bow shocks, and the merging and fragmentation of clumps. Simulations with magnetic fields show how the field affects the dynamics of YSO jets and the emission they produce. This work contributes to the ultimate goal of one day being able to observationally estimate the strength of the magnetic field within these jets. The simulations use a new non-equilibrium cooling method to produce synthetic emission maps in H[alpha] and [S II]. These are directly compared with multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Herbig-Haro (HH) jets. There is excellent agreement between features seen in the simulations and the observations in terms of both proper motion and morphologies. Thus, YSO jets may be dominated by heterogeneous structures, and interactions between these structures and the shocks they produce can account for many details of YSO jet evolution"--Page v.

JET Simulations, Experiments, and Theory

JET Simulations, Experiments, and Theory
Author: Christophe Sauty
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2019-08-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030141284

In 2008, the European FP6 JETSET project ended. JETSET, for Jet, Simulations, Experiments, and Theory, was a joint research network of European expert teams on protostellar jets. The present proceedings are a collection of contributions presenting new results obtained by those groups since the end of the JETSET program. This is also the occasion to celebrate Kanaris Tsinganos’ important contributions to this network and for his enlightening insight in the subject that inspired us all. Some of the former JETSET students are now in the academic world and the subject has never been so alive. So we present here a collection of results of what has been done in the field of protostellar jets in the past ten years from the theoretical, numerical, observational and experimental point of view. We also present new challenges in the field of protostellar jets and what we should expect from the development of new instruments and new numerical codes in the near future. We also gather results on the impact of the study of protostellar jets on other jet studies in particular on relativistic jets. As a matter of fact, it is time for a new network.

Virtual Astrophysical Jets

Virtual Astrophysical Jets
Author: Silvano Massaglia
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2013-06-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402026641

These proceedings are the result of a three-day meeting held in Oogliani (Italy), on October 2-4 2003, whose title was "VIrtual Astrophysical Jets 2003". Our goal in convening this meeting was to gather some of the scientists among the most active in the field of numerical simulations and modelling of astrophysi cal jets. For keeping the participants close to the "real world", we also invited a few observers to give up-to-date reviews outlining the state-of-the-art of jet observations. The principal aim of the meeting was thus to present and critically discuss the state-of-the-art numerical simulations, analytical models and laboratory ex periments for reproducing the main aspects of astrophysical jets and compar ing them with observations. The discussion has been focused on the following topics: • Observations and intepretions of jets from young stars and AGNs, comparisons of models with observations; • MHO accelerations of jets: steady self-similar models, MHO numerical simula tions of time-dependent accelerations mechanisms; • Jet stability and interaction with the ambient: formation of knots in YSO jets, jet survival to instabilities, deceleration of relativistic jets in FRI sources, simulations of jets-IGM interactions, jets propagation and galaxy formation; • Numerical codes and their validation: relativistic MHO codes, comparisons among different numerical schemes, jets in the laboratory and code validation. These topics have been discussed intensively during the meeting, and the out come of these discussions is presented in this volume. The contributions have been divided in five sections.

Jets From Young Stars V

Jets From Young Stars V
Author: José Gracia
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2009-10-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642033709

Studying the complex physical systems of stellar jets necessitates the incorporation of nonlinear effects which occur on a wide variety of length and timescales. One of the primary methods used to study the physics of jets is numerical simulations that apply high performance computing techniques. Such techniques are also required for analysing the huge modern astrophysical datasets. This book examines those computing techniques. It is a collection of the lectures from the fifth and final school of the JETSET network, "Jets From Young Stars V: High Performance Computing in Astrophysics." It begins with an introduction to parallel programming techniques, with an emphasis on Message Passing Interface (MPI), before it goes on to review grid technology techniques and offer a practical introduction to Virtual Observatory. The second half of the book, then, is devoted to applications of high performance computing techniques, including 3D radiation transfer, to jet and star formation processes. Aimed at graduate students in astrophysics, this book presents state-of-the-art methods, thereby offering interesting new insights to researchers in the field.

Jets in Young Stellar Objects

Jets in Young Stellar Objects
Author: A.J.L. Fernandes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400709994

A JENAM 2002 Workshop, Porto, Portugal, 3-5 September 2002