Nonlinear Flow Generation By Electrostatic Turbulence In Tokamaks
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| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2010 |
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Global gyrokinetic simulations have revealed an important nonlinear flow generation process due to the residual stress produced by electrostatic turbulence of ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes and trapped electron modes (TEM). In collisionless TEM (CTEM) turbulence, nonlinear residual stress generation by both the fluctuation intensity and the intensity gradient in the presence of broken symmetry in the parallel wave number spectrum is identified for the first time. Concerning the origin of the symmetry breaking, turbulence self-generated low frequency zonal flow shear has been identified to be a key, universal mechanism in various turbulence regimes. Simulations reported here also indicate the existence of other mechanisms beyond E × B shear. The ITG turbulence driven "intrinsic" torque associated with residual stress is shown to increase close to linearly with the ion temperature gradient, in qualitative agreement with experimental observations in various devices. In CTEM dominated regimes, a net toroidal rotation is driven in the cocurrent direction by "intrinsic" torque, consistent with the experimental trend of observed intrinsic rotation. The finding of a "flow pinch" in CTEM turbulence may offer an interesting new insight into the underlying dynamics governing the radial penetration of modulated flows in perturbation experiments. Finally, simulations also reveal highly distinct phase space structures between CTEM and ITG turbulence driven momentum, energy and particle fluxes, elucidating the roles of resonant and non-resonant particles.
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| Publisher | : ScholarlyEditions |
| Total Pages | : 3888 |
| Release | : 2012-01-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1464963649 |
Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics. The editors have built Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Nuclear, High Energy, Plasma, Particle, and Condensed Matter Physics: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
| Author | : John Wesson |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 828 |
| Release | : 2011-10-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0199592233 |
The tokamak is the principal tool in controlled fusion research. This book acts as an introduction to the subject and a basic reference for theory, definitions, equations, and experimental results. The fourth edition has been completely revised, describing their development of tokamaks to the point of producing significant fusion power.
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| Total Pages | : 704 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : Aeronautics |
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| Author | : Radu Balescu |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 498 |
| Release | : 2005-04-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781420034684 |
Anomalous transport is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical, geophysical and laboratory plasmas; and is a key topic in controlled nuclear fusion research. Despite its fundamental importance and ongoing research interest, a full understanding of anomalous transport in plasmas is still incomplete, due to the complexity of the nonlinear phenomena involved. Aspects in Anomalous Transport in Plasmas is the first book to systematically consider anomalous plasma transport theory and provides a unification of the many theoretical models by emphasizing interrelations between seemingly different methodologies. It is not intended as a catalogue of the vast number of plasma instabilities leading to anomalous transport; instead it chooses a number of these and emphasizes the aspects specifically due to turbulence. After a brief introduction, the microscopic theory of turbulence is discussed, including quasilinear theory and various aspects of renormalization methods, which leads to an understanding of resonance broadening, mode coupling, trajectory correlation and clumps. The second half of the book is devoted to stochiastic tramsport, using methods based on the Langevin equations and on Random Walk theory. This treatment aims at going beyond the traditional limits of weak turbulence, by introducing the recently developed method of decorrelation trajectories, and its application to electrostatic turbulence, magnetic turbulence and zonal flow generation. The final chapter includes very recent work on the nonlocal transport phenomenon.
| Author | : Vladimir Lebedev |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 230 |
| Release | : 1995 |
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| Total Pages | : 354 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Power resources |
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| Author | : Yusuke Kosuga |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 134 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781267401243 |
Aspects of the macroscopic phenomenology of tokamak plasmas - relaxation, transport, and flow generation - are analyzed in the context of phase space dynamics. Particular problems of interest are: i) fluctuation entropy evolution with turbulence driven flows and its application to flow generation by heat flux driven turbulence, and ii) dynamical coupling between phase space structures and zonal flows and its implication for macroscopic relaxation and transport. In chapter 2, intrinsic toroidal rotation drive by heat flux driven turbulence in tokamak is analyzed based on phase space dynamics. In particular, the dynamics of fluctuation entropy with turbulence driven flows is formulated. The entropy budget is utilized to quantify tokamaks as a heat engine system, where heat flux is converted to macroscopic flows. Efficiency of the flow generation process is defined as the ratio of entropy destruction via flow generation to entropy production via heat input. Comparison of the results to experimental scaling is discussed as well. In chapter 3, dynamics of a single phase space structure (drift hole) is discussed for a strongly magnetized 3D plasma. The drift hole is shown to be dynamically coupled to zonal flows by polarization charge scattering. The coupled dynamics of the drift hole and zonal flow is formulated based on momentum budget. As an application, a bound on the self-bound drift hole potential amplitude is derived. The results show that zonal flow damping appears as a controlling parameter. In chapter 4, dynamics of both a single structure and multi-structures in phase space are discussed for a relevant system, i.e. trapped ion driven ion temperature gradient turbulence. The structures are dynamically coupled to zonal flows, since they must scatter polarization charge to satisfy the quasi-neutrality. The coupled evolution of the structures and flows is formulated as a momentum theorem. An implication for transport process is discussed as well. The transport flux is prescribed by dynamical friction exerted by structures on flows. The dynamical friction exerted by zonal flow is a novel effect and reduces transport by algebraically competing against other fluxes, such as a quasilinear diffusive flux.
| Author | : Ronald E. Waltz |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 210 |
| Release | : 1987 |
| Genre | : Plasma turbulence |
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| Author | : Weston M. Stacey |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 674 |
| Release | : 2012-10-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3527411348 |
This revised and enlarged second edition of the popular textbook and reference contains comprehensive treatments of both the established foundations of magnetic fusion plasma physics and of the newly developing areas of active research. It concludes with a look ahead to fusion power reactors of the future. The well-established topics of fusion plasma physics -- basic plasma phenomena, Coulomb scattering, drifts of charged particles in magnetic and electric fields, plasma confinement by magnetic fields, kinetic and fluid collective plasma theories, plasma equilibria and flux surface geometry, plasma waves and instabilities, classical and neoclassical transport, plasma-materials interactions, radiation, etc. -- are fully developed from first principles through to the computational models employed in modern plasma physics. The new and emerging topics of fusion plasma physics research -- fluctuation-driven plasma transport and gyrokinetic/gyrofluid computational methodology, the physics of the divertor, neutral atom recycling and transport, impurity ion transport, the physics of the plasma edge (diffusive and non-diffusive transport, MARFEs, ELMs, the L-H transition, thermal-radiative instabilities, shear suppression of transport, velocity spin-up), etc. -- are comprehensively developed and related to the experimental evidence. Operational limits on the performance of future fusion reactors are developed from plasma physics and engineering constraints, and conceptual designs of future fusion power reactors are discussed.
