Non Linear Optical Properties Of Two Dimensional Quantum Well Structures
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| Release | : 2002 |
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In this work optical properties of two dimensional quantum well structures are studied. Variational calculation of the eigenstates in an isolated quantum well structure with and without the external electrical field is presented. At weak fields a quadratic Stark shift is found whose magnitude depends strongly on the finite well depth. It is observed that under external electrical field, the asymmetries due to lack of inversion symmetry leads to higher order nonlinear optical effects such as second order optical polarization and second order optical susceptibility.
| Author | : Yongrui Wang |
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| Release | : 2015 |
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The optical properties of two types of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor structures are studied. One of them is for structures based on quantum wells (QWs), and the other is graphene. We study the dynamics of optically excited electron-hole plasma or magnetoplasma in uncoupled QW structure. Experimentally we have observed a delayed burst of optical pulse, or super fluorescence (SF). Time and energy-resolved measurement shows the center frequency of the pulse is red-shifting with time. We explain this by developing the generalized semiconductor Bloch equations (SBEs), where Coulomb interaction between electrons is taken into account. For electronhole plasma in quasi-equilibrium, the calculation shows the peak gain is near the Fermi-edge. So, the red-shifting is because of the decreasing of Fermi energy with time. The effect of Coulomb interaction in intersubband transitions is also studied, where we have developed equations similar to the SBEs, and show that the Coulomb effect could enhance particular second-order nonlinear optical processes. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are well developed devices based on QWs. We study the active modulation in mid-infrared (mid-IR) QCLs. We show that QCLs with short gain recovery time can also generate short pulses by active modulation, while it is previously thought active modulation can only be applied for QCLs with long gain recovery time. Comparisons between the two cases show the performance of QCLs with short gain recovery time is more robust for active modulation. Also, mode-locking can be achieved by tuning the modulation period. As a natural 2D material, graphene has linear energy dispersion near the Dirac points. This leads to interesting electronic and optical properties. Under Landau quantization, we propose a scheme for achieving continuous-wave terahertz (THz) gain by mid-IR pumping. In this scheme, scattering of surface-optical (SO) phonons from the substrate is utilized to populate the upper laser state. All the important scattering processes are calculated to justify the design. We also study the properties of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in graphene without magnetic field. The experimental measurement shows peculiar relations between the polarizations of fundamental light and second-harmonic (SH) light. We develop a quantum theory to explain the observations. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155620
| Author | : A. Miller |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 325 |
| Release | : 2019-08-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0429524935 |
Ultrafast photonics has become an interdisciplinary topic of high international research interest because of the spectacular development of compact and efficient lasers producing optical pulses with durations in the femtosecond time domain. Present day long-haul telecommunications systems are almost entirely based on the transmission of short burst
| Author | : Qiang Wang |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 373 |
| Release | : 2024-01-03 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3527350594 |
Comprehensive resource covering concepts, perspectives, and skills required to understand the preparation, nonlinear optics, and applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials Bringing together many interdisciplinary experts in the field of 2D materials with their applications in nonlinear optics, Two-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics covers preparation methods for various novel 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and single elemental 2D materials, excited-state dynamics of 2D materials behind their outstanding performance in photonic devices, instrumentation for exploring the photoinduced excited-state dynamics of the 2D materials spanning a wide time scale from ultrafast to slow, and future trends of 2D materials on a series of issues like fabrications, dynamic investigations, and photonic/optoelectronic applications. Powerful nonlinear optical characterization techniques, such as Z-scan measurement, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and microscopy are also introduced. Edited by two highly qualified academics with extensive experience in the field, Two-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics covers sample topics such as: Foundational knowledge on nonlinear optical properties, and fundamentals and preparation methods of 2D materials with nonlinear optical properties Modulation and enhancement of optical nonlinearity in 2D materials, and nonlinear optical characterization techniques for 2D materials and their applications in a specific field Novel nonlinear optical imaging systems, ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy for investigating carrier dynamics in emerging 2D materials, and transient terahertz spectroscopy 2D materials for optical limiting, saturable absorber, second and third harmonic generation, nanolasers, and space use With collective insight from researchers in many different interdisciplinary fields, Two-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics is an essential resource for materials scientists, solid state chemists and physicists, photochemists, and professionals in the semiconductor industry who are interested in understanding the state of the art in the field.
| Author | : Alexander Shik |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 106 |
| Release | : 1998-01-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9814496863 |
This invaluable book is devoted to the physics, technology and device applications of semiconductor structures with ultrathin layers where the electronic properties are governed by the quantum-mechanical laws. Such structures called quantum wells or structures with the two-dimensional electron gas, have become one of the most actively investigated objects in modern solid state physics. Electronic properties of quantum wells differ dramatically from those of bulk semiconductors, which allows one to observe new types of physical phenomena, such as the quantum Hall effect and many other so-far-unknown kinetic and optical effects. This, in turn, offers wide opportunities for creating semiconductor devices based on new principles, and it has give birth to the new branch of electronics called nanoelectronics.
| Author | : Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 357 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461318793 |
This volume contains the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Optical Properties of Narrow-Gap Low-Dimensional Structures", held from July 29th to August 1st, 1986, in St. Andrews, Scotland, under the auspices of the NATO International Scientific Exchange Program. The workshop was not limited to optical properties of narrow-gap semiconductor structures (Part III). Sessions on, for example, the growth methods and characterization of III-V, II-VI, and IV-VI materials, discussed in Part II, were an integral part of the workshop. Considering the small masses of the carriers in narrow-gap low dimensional structures (LOS), in Part I the enhanced band mixing and magnetic field effects are explored in the context of the envelope function approximation. Optical nonlinearities and energy relaxation phenomena applied to the well-known systems of HgCdTe and GaAs/GaAIAs, respectively, are reviewed with comments on their extension to narrow gap LOS. The relevance of optical observations in quantum transport studies is illustrated in Part IV. A review of devices based on epitaxial narrow-gap materials defines a frame of reference for future ones based on two-dimensional narrow-gap semiconductors; in addition, an analysis of the physics of quantum well lasers provides a guide to relevant parameters for narrow-gap laser devices for the infrared (Part V). The roles and potentials of special techniques are explored in Part VI, with emphasis on hydrostatic pressure techniques, since this has a pronounced effect in small-mass, narrow-gap, non-parabolic structures.
| Author | : S. Miyata |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 555 |
| Release | : 2012-12-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0444596747 |
The field of nonlinear optics developed gradually with the invention of lasers. After the discovery of second-harmonic generation in quartz, many other interesting nonlinear optical processes were rapidly discovered. Simultaneously theoretical programmes for the understanding of nonlinear optical phenomena were stimulated in accordance to develop structure-property relationships. In the beginning, research advances were made on inorganic ferroelectric materials followed by semiconductors. In the 1970's, the importance of organic materials was realised because of their nonlinear optical responses, fast optical response, high laser damage thresholds, architectural flexibility, and ease of fabrication. At present materials can be classified into three categories - inorganic ferroelectrics, semiconductors, and organic materials. Advances have also been made in quantum chemistry approaches to investigate nonlinear optical susceptibilities and in the development of novel nonlinear optical devices. Generally, inorganic and organic nonlinear optical materials and their related optical processes are reported in separate meetings. This book collects for the first time papers covering the recent developments and areas of present research in the field of nonlinear optical materials.
| Author | : Luigi Sirleto |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 212 |
| Release | : 2021-01-11 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3039437216 |
The first nonlinear optical effect was observed in the 19th century by John Kerr. Nonlinear optics, however, started to grow up only after the invention of the laser, when intense light sources became easily available. The seminal studies by Peter Franken and Nicolaas Bloembergen, in the 1960s, paved the way for the development of today’s nonlinear photonics, the field of research that encompasses all the studies, designs, and implementations of nonlinear optical devices that can be used for the generation, communication, and processing of information. This field has attracted significant attention, partly due to the great potential of exploiting the optical nonlinearities of new or advanced materials to induce new phenomena and achieve new functions. According to Clarivate Web of Science, almost 200,000 papers were published that refer to the topic “nonlinear optic*”. Over 36,000 papers were published in the last four years (2015–2018) with the same keyword, and over 17,000 used the keyword “nonlinear photonic*”. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state of the art and presenting perspectives of further development. Fundamental and applicative aspects are considered, with special attention paid to hot topics that may lead to technological and scientific breakthroughs.
| Author | : H. Walther |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 304 |
| Release | : 2021-07-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1000445259 |
In tribute to the memory of Sergei Akhmanov, a pioneer in the field, Frontiers in Nonlinear Optics presents an overview of quantum electronics and nonlinear optics. The contributors, world leaders in this field, provide up-to-date surveys and current trends to ensure comprehensive coverage in all aspects of nonlinear optics. This fascinating collection is necessary reading both for researchers entering the field and for established researchers in nonlinear optics.
| Author | : Paul N. Butcher |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 364 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780521424240 |
There has recently been a rapid growth of activity in nonlinear optics. Effects such as frequency doubling, stimulated Raman scattering, phase conjugation and solitons are of great interest both for their fundamental properties and their many important applications in science and engineering. It is mainly these applications - especially in telecommunications and information processing - that have stimulated the recent surge of activity. This book is a self contained account of the most important principles of nonlinear optics. Assuming only a familiarity with basic mathematics, the fundamentals of nonlinear optics are fully developed from basic concepts. The essential quantum mechanical apparatus is introduced and explained. In later chapters the underlying ideas are illustrated by discussing particular experimental configurations and materials. This book will be an invaluable introduction to the field for beginning graduates in physics or engineering, and will provide an excellent overview and reference work for active researchers in the field.
