Quantum Field Theory of Non-equilibrium States

Quantum Field Theory of Non-equilibrium States
Author: Jørgen Rammer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2011-03-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780521188005

Quantum field theory is the application of quantum mechanics to systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom. This 2007 textbook presents quantum field theoretical applications to systems out of equilibrium. It introduces the real-time approach to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and the quantum field theory of non-equilibrium states in general. It offers two ways of learning how to study non-equilibrium states of many-body systems: the mathematical canonical way and an easy intuitive way using Feynman diagrams. The latter provides an easy introduction to the powerful functional methods of field theory, and the use of Feynman diagrams to study classical stochastic dynamics is considered in detail. The developed real-time technique is applied to study numerous phenomena in many-body systems. Complete with numerous exercises to aid self-study, this textbook is suitable for graduate students in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics.

New Horizons in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems

New Horizons in Low-Dimensional Electron Systems
Author: Hideo Aoki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 498
Release: 1991-12-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780792313021

In Bird of Passage by Rudolf Peierls, we find a paragraph in which he de scribes his Cambridge days in the 1930s: On these [relativistic field theory] problems my main contacts were Dirac, and the younger theoreticians. These included in particular Nevill (now Sir Nevill) Mott, perhaps the friendliest among many kind and friendly people we met then. Professor Kamimura became associated with Sir Rudolf Peierls in the 1950s, when he translated, with his colleagues, Peierls's 1955 textbook, Quantum Theory of Solids, into Japanese. This edition, to which Sir Rudolf himself contributed a preface, benefitted early generations of Japanese solid state physicists. Later in 1974/5, during a sabbatical year spent at the Cavendish Laboratory, Professor Kamimura met and began a long association with Sir Nevill Mott. In particular, they developed ideas for disordered systems. One of the outcomes is a paper coauthored by them on ESR-induced variable range hopping in doped semiconductors. A series of works on disordered systems, together with those on two-dimensional systems, have served as building blocks for Physics of Interacting Electrons in Disordered Systems, in the International Series of Monographs on Physics, coauthored by Aoki and published in 1989 by the Oxford University Press. Soon after Professor Kamimura obtained a D. Sc. in 1959 for the work on the ligand field theory under the supervision ofMasao Kotani, his strong con nections in the international physical community began when he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961/64.

Simulation with Entropy Thermodynamics

Simulation with Entropy Thermodynamics
Author: Christophe Goupil
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2021-03-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3036501142

Beyond its identification with the second law of thermodynamics, entropy is a formidable tool for describing systems in their relationship with their environment. This book proposes to go through some of these situations where the formulation of entropy, and more precisely, the production of entropy in out-of-equilibrium processes, makes it possible to forge an approach to the behavior of very different systems. Whether for dimensioning structures; influencing parameter variability; or optimizing power, efficiency, or waste heat reduction, simulations based on entropy production offer a tool that is both compact and reliable. In the case of systems marked by complexity, it appears to be the only way. In that sense, realistic optimization can be carried out, integrating within the same framework both the system and all the constraints and boundary conditions that define it. Simulations based on entropy give the researcher a powerful analytical framework that crosses the disciplines of physics and links them together.

Terahertz Spectroscopy

Terahertz Spectroscopy
Author: Susan L. Dexheimer
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 358
Release: 2017-12-19
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 142000770X

The development of new sources and methods in the terahertz spectral range has generated intense interest in terahertz spectroscopy and its application in an array of fields. Presenting state-of-the-art terahertz spectroscopic techniques, Terahertz Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications focuses on time-domain methods based on femtosecond laser sources and important recent applications in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine. The first section of the book examines instrumentation and methods for terahertz spectroscopy. It provides a comprehensive treatment of time-domain terahertz spectroscopic measurements, including methods for the generation and detection of terahertz radiation, methods for determining optical constants from time-domain measurements, and the use of femtosecond time-resolved techniques. The last two sections explore a variety of applications of terahertz spectroscopy in physics, materials science, chemistry, and biomedicine. With chapters contributed by leading experts in academia, industry, and research, this volume thoroughly discusses methods and applications, setting it apart from other recent books in this emerging terahertz field.

Optical Techniques for Solid-State Materials Characterization

Optical Techniques for Solid-State Materials Characterization
Author: Rohit P. Prasankumar
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 735
Release: 2016-04-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1439814376

Over the last century, numerous optical techniques have been developed to characterize materials, giving insight into their optical, electronic, magnetic, and structural properties and elucidating such diverse phenomena as high-temperature superconductivity and protein folding. Optical Techniques for Solid-State Materials Characterization provides

Introduction to Unconventional Superconductivity

Introduction to Unconventional Superconductivity
Author: V.P. Mineev
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 204
Release: 1999-09-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789056992095

Unconventional superconductivity (or superconductivity with a nontrivial Cooper pairing) is believed to exist in many heavy-fermion materials as well as in high temperature superconductors, and is a subject of great theoretical and experimental interest. The remarkable progress achieved in this field has not been reflected in published monographs and textbooks, and there is a gap between current research and the standard education of solid state physicists in the theory of superconductivity. This book is intended to meet this information need and includes the authors' original results.

Dynamics at Solid State Surfaces and Interfaces, Volume 1

Dynamics at Solid State Surfaces and Interfaces, Volume 1
Author: Uwe Bovensiepen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 631
Release: 2010-11-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 352763343X

This two-volume work covers ultrafast structural and electronic dynamics of elementary processes at solid surfaces and interfaces, presenting the current status of photoinduced processes. Providing valuable introductory information for newcomers to this booming field of research, it investigates concepts and experiments, femtosecond and attosecond time-resolved methods, as well as frequency domain techniques. The whole is rounded off by a look at future developments.

Manipulating Quantum Systems

Manipulating Quantum Systems
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 315
Release: 2020-09-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309499542

The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.

Many-Particle Physics

Many-Particle Physics
Author: Gerald D. Mahan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1042
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1461314690

This textbook is for a course in advanced solid-state theory. It is aimed at graduate students in their third or fourth year of study who wish to learn the advanced techniques of solid-state theoretical physics. The method of Green's functions is introduced at the beginning and used throughout. Indeed, it could be considered a book on practical applications of Green's functions, although I prefer to call it a book on physics. The method of Green's functions has been used by many theorists to derive equations which, when solved, provide an accurate numerical description of many processes in solids and quantum fluids. In this book I attempt to summarize many of these theories in order to show how Green's functions are used to solve real problems. My goal, in writing each section, is to describe calculations which can be compared with experiments and to provide these comparisons whenever available. The student is expected to have a background in quantum mechanics at the level acquired from a graduate course using the textbook by either L. I. Schiff, A. S. Davydov, or I. Landau and E. M. Lifshiftz. Similarly, a prior course in solid-state physics is expected, since the reader is assumed to know concepts such as Brillouin zones and energy band theory. Each chapter has problems which are an important part of the lesson; the problems often provide physical insights which are not in the text. Sometimes the answers to the problems are provided, but usually not.