Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Bubble Nucleation in Nanocavities
| Author | : Joseph Edward Johnston (III) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 334 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Electronic packaging |
| ISBN | : |
Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Bubble Nucleation In Nanocavities
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Nonequilibrium Statistical Theory of Bubble Nucleation and Growth Under Neutron and Proton Irradiation
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Microstructural evolution in metals under particle irradiation is described by a non-equilibrium statistics method. This method gives a set of equations for the evolution of bubbles and an approximate solution for a distribution function of bubble size as a function of fluence and temperature. The distribution function gives the number of bubbles of radius r at time t, N(r, t)dr, as a function of size, r/r0(r0 is the radius of a bubble nucleus). It is found that N(r, t)dr increases with fluence. Also, the peak value of N(r, t)dt shifts to higher r/r0 with increasing fluence. Nucleation depends mainly on helium concentration and defect cluster concentration while bubble growth is controlled mainly by the vacancy concentration and a fluctuation coefficient. If suitable material parameters are chosen, a reasonable distribution function for bubble size is obtained. The helium diffusion coefficient is found to be less than that for vacancies by five orders of magnitude. The fraction of helium remaining in matrix is less than 10−2; the majority of the helium is associated with the bubbles.
Bubble Nucleation and Dynamics
| Author | : Ho-young Kwak |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 372 |
| Release | : 2020-04-21 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781536169973 |
For phenomena involving bubble nucleation, the molecular cluster model is used to predict the tensile strength and superheat limit of liquids and the amount of decompression for gaseous bubble nucleation in supersaturated solutions. The book investigates various gaseous bubble nucleation events including the bubble formation in gas-water solutions, CO bubble formation in iron melts, the formation of microcellular foams in polymers, the nucleation of nano-sized H2O bubbles in rhyolite melts, and bubble nucleation in shear flow fields. The book also investigates vaporous bubble nucleation events such as bubble formation on a cavity-free surface and inside a solid nanopore in 3M NaCl solution, superheat limit of liquids, and bubble nucleation near the absolute zero temperature by quantum tunnelling in liquid helium. For bubble dynamics phenomena, a set of homologous solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for evolving spherical bubbles are used to treat gaseous bubble growth in organic solutions, polymer solutions, and in viscous rhyolitic melts. The growth and collapse of laser-induced vapor bubbles in liquid, and on solid particles is discussed as an example of homologous motion of the spherical object. Sonoluminescence phenomena in water and in sulfuric acid solutions, the pressure and shock wave propagation in bubbly mixtures, the gravitational collapse of Newtonian stars, and the core collapse of supernovas are also treated using these homologous solutions. The motion of a fire-ball generated by a TNT explosion underwater is obtained using a zero gravitational constant in the equation of motion for Newtonian stars.
Nano-droplets at Birth
| Author | : Jan Wedekind |
| Publisher | : Cuvillier Verlag |
| Total Pages | : 185 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 3867270848 |
Ultrafine Bubbles
| Author | : Koichi Terasaka |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 294 |
| Release | : 2021-09-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1000333639 |
Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) are gas-filled bubbles with a diameter smaller than 1 μm. They are sometimes called bulk nanobubbles because these are not on a solid surface but inside a bulk liquid (water). They are already being used in commercial processes such as cleaning and plant cultivation. However, many mysteries still exist with respect to UFBs, such as mechanisms of stability, OH radical formation, and biological and medical effects. This is the first book on UFBs that reviews research done on them. It is helpful for those interested in the fundamentals of this emerging field and its applications, including cleaning, biological, medical, and dental students and researchers.
Handbook of Laser Micro- and Nano-Engineering
| Author | : KOJI SUGIOKA. |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Lasers in engineering |
| ISBN | : 9783319695372 |
This handbook provides a comprehensive review of the entire field of laser micro and nano processing, including not only a detailed introduction to individual laser processing techniques but also the fundamentals of laser-matter interaction and lasers, optics, equipment, diagnostics, as well as monitoring and measurement techniques for laser processing. Consisting of 11 sections, each composed of 4 to 6 chapters written by leading experts in the relevant field. Each main part of the handbook is supervised by its own part editor(s) so that high-quality content as well as completeness are assured. The book provides essential scientific and technical information to researchers and engineers already working in the field as well as students and young scientists planning to work in the area in the future. Lasers found application in materials processing practically since their invention in 1960, and are currently used widely in manufacturing. The main driving force behind this fact is that the lasers can provide unique solutions in material processing with high quality, high efficiency, high flexibility, high resolution, versatility and low environmental load. Macro-processing based on thermal process using infrared lasers such as CO2 lasers has been the mainstream in the early stages, while research and development of micro- and nano-processing are becoming increasingly more active as short wavelength and/or short pulse width lasers have been developed. In particular, recent advances in ultrafast lasers have opened up a new avenue to laser material processing due to the capabilities of ultrahigh precision micro- and nanofabrication of diverse materials. This handbook is the first book covering the basics, the state-of-the-art and important applications of the dynamic and rapidly expanding discipline of laser micro- and nanoengineering. This comprehensive source makes readers familiar with a broad spectrum of approaches to solve all relevant problems in science and technology. This handbook is the ultimate desk reference for all people working in the field.
Laser Ablation in Liquids
| Author | : Guowei Yang |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 1166 |
| Release | : 2012-02-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9814241520 |
This book focuses on the fundamental concepts and physical and chemical aspects of pulsed laser ablation of solid targets in liquid environments and its applications in the preparation of nanomaterials and fabrication of nanostructures. The areas of focus include basic thermodynamic and kinetic processes of laser ablation in liquids, and its applic
Nanostructure Science and Technology
| Author | : Richard W. Siegel |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 378 |
| Release | : 1999-09-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9780792358541 |
Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.
