Ngo Insecurity In High Risk Conflict Zones
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| Author | : John "David" F. Mitchell |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Attacks against nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in high-risk conflict zones have increased exponentially over the last two decades. However, the few existing empirical studies on NGO insecurity have tended to focus on external factors influencing attacks, with little attention paid to the actions of aid workers themselves. To fill this gap, this dissertation theorizes that aid workers may have contributed to their own insecurity by engaging in greater political action. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to assess the impact of political activity by NGOs on the insecurity of aid workers. The quantitative analyses test the theory at two levels. The first is a large-N country-level analysis of 117 nations from 1999 to 2015 using panel corrected standard errors. The second is a subnational-level statistical analysis of four case studies: Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, and Colombia from 2000 to 2014. Both the country- and provincial- level analyses show that the magnitude of aid tends to be a significant determinant of aid worker security. The qualitative methods of "structured-focused comparison" and "process tracing" are used to analyze the four cases. Results show that aid workers are most likely to be victims of politically-motivated attacks while in-transit. Consistent with the quantitative findings, it is speculated that if workers are engaged in a large-scale project over an extended period of time, attackers will be able to monitor their daily activities and routines closely, making it easier to orchestrate a successful ambush. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that political statements made by NGOs—regardless of their sectors of activity—have increased insecurity for the broader aid community. These results dispel the myth that humanitarian activity has historically been independent, impartial, and neutral. Several NGOs have relied on this false assumption for security, believing that adherence to core principles has contributed to "humanitarian space." The results also dispel the popular NGO assumption that targeted attacks are not official tactics of organized militants, but rather the result of criminality or mistaken identity. In fact, the overwhelming majority of aid workers attacked in high-risk conflict zones have been targeted by political actors.
| Author | : Mari Fitzduff |
| Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
| Total Pages | : 218 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780742528499 |
The number of NGO's working in the area of conflict has increased dramatically over the last few decades and they are fast becoming a vital component of both local and international responses to conflicts. As their influence rises, many seek to more effectively impact the policy making and program development of governments and intergovernmental organizations. But how can NGOs do this effectively without sacrificing their own independence and flexibility? NGOs at the Table explores such challenges by examining a number of NGOs, diverse in size, location, and financial means, that have successfully influenced both policy and program development in conflicts throughout the world. It explores why these organizations decided to embark upon a strategic campaign to influence the policy-making process, as well as outlines the issues addressed and the tactics used. It examines the constraints faced in trying to penetrate the governmental process and discusses how these obstacles were overcome. The book also includes analysis and reflections by a variety of experienced policy-makers and academics working in the field. A unique and much- needed resource for NGO's wishing to extend their own capacities in the field of policy-making, this book will prove valuable for any policy-maker wishing to take advantage of the unique capacities that NGOs contribute to the field of conflict prevention, management, and resolution.
| Author | : Andrea Schneiker |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 174 |
| Release | : 2016-03-09 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1317119525 |
Increasingly humanitarian NGOs operate in the context of armed conflicts where the security risks are higher than in contexts of natural disaster. Working in Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, South Sudan, Pakistan and Sri Lanka is particularly dangerous for humanitarians. This existential threat affects the physical existence of aid workers and the implementation of humanitarian programs, and the core beliefs of humanitarians and the underlying principles of humanitarian action. For NGOs it is difficult to accept that they are attacked despite their good intentions, sometimes even by the very communities they seek to help. For these reasons, humanitarian NGOs have to change their approaches to security by not only adapting their policies, procedures and structures to the changing environment, but also reviewing the underlying principles of their work. This book contributes to debates by demonstrating how issues of (in)security affect humanitarian NGOs and the humanitarian identity, situating the structural changes within the humanitarian NGO community in the context of conflict aid governance and explains how non-state actors establish their own governance structures, independent from state-sponsored solutions, and contributes to the emerging literature on the redefinition of the concept of epistemic communities.
| Author | : Nabila EL-Gabalawi |
| Publisher | : GRIN Verlag |
| Total Pages | : 35 |
| Release | : 2010-10-12 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 3640721233 |
Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, University of Birmingham (International Development Department- School of Public Policy), course: Conflict, Humanitarian Aid and Social Reconstruction , language: English, abstract: This paper illustrates the meaning of peacebuilding as a comprehensive sustainable process that aims at resolving the conflicts, which spread widely in the post Cold War era within different nations and among them. Peacebuilding as a sustainable process requires the intervention of different actors at the local, national and international levels and requires the cooperation between them to coordinate their roles in the post conflict situation. This paper also discusses specifically the role of NGOs as one of these important actors in the international community and the different actions that carried out by them that help in providing a healthy environment for sustaining peace and development at the same time. However, linking peace with aid by NGOs in most of the cases added more damage in the targeted post conflict countries instead of depleting it. Discussed within are the challenges that have been met by different NGOs at different levels when trying to incorporate peacebuilding into development and while intervening in the field.
| Author | : Henry F. Carey |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 2004-08-02 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 1135758190 |
Drawing upon the writings of academics and activists, this collection explores the roles that have emerged for NGOs as they have engaged more with peacekeeping and peacebuilding initiatives in various locations around the world.
| Author | : United Nations;World Bank |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 415 |
| Release | : 2018-04-13 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1464811865 |
Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.
| Author | : Pamela R. Aall |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Conflict management |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Larry Winter Roeder, Jr. |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 462 |
| Release | : 2013-05-25 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1461471133 |
Diplomacy and Funding for Humanitarian Non-Profits is a practical guide to best practices in diplomacy and negotiation for non-profits (NGOs) who work to convince governments and international institutions to effectively protect humans through disaster assistance, sustainable development and the protection of cultures. The volume proposes a holistic approach to humanitarian assistance by integrating non-traditional and traditional humanitarian partners. Users of the book will be prepared to speak to diplomats and government officials in any setting, including war zones. The book mainly focuses on approaching local and national governments, the United Nations system, the international Red Cross movement and other international organizations. The reader will learn the rules of “diplomatic protocol", and much about the rules and procedures of major international bodies, as well as how to leverage media and knowledge management for planning, establishing, and managing a humanitarian initiative. To provide balance and real world relevance, the guide draws on a compilation of the extensive activities of both authors across a range of development, emergency management, knowledge management, and climate issues in government and in the NGO world, as well as interviews with a broad range of scholars and officials from NGOs, diplomatic missions, the media, the United Nations, the Red Cross, governments and corporations.
| Author | : Andrea Schneiker |
| Publisher | : Lund Humphries Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 153 |
| Release | : 2015-10-01 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9781472438089 |
Increasingly humanitarian NGOs operate in the context of armed conflicts where the security risks are higher than in contexts of natural disaster. For NGOs it is difficult to accept that they are attacked despite their good intentions, sometimes even by the very communities they seek to help. As such, humanitarian NGOs have to change their approaches to security by not only adapting their policies, procedures and structures to the changing environment, but also review the underlying principles of their work. This book contributes to debates by demonstrating how issues of (in-)security affect humanitarian NGOs and the humanitarian identity, situating the structural changes within the humanitarian NGO community in the context of conflict aid governance and explains how non-state actors establish their own governance structures, independent from state-sponsored solutions, and contributes to the emerging literature on the redefinition of the concept of epistemic communities.
| Author | : Oliver P. Richmond |
| Publisher | : Ashgate Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 304 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Non-governmental organizations |
| ISBN | : |
Divided into four sections on conceptualization, peacemaking, peacebuilding, and norm development and monitoring, this volume analyzes various strategic choices and consequences resulting from NGO's dilemmas in peacebuilding interventions, relating to participation in peace negotiations, the development of post conflict institutions, as well as neutrality in monitoring and advocacy of norm development.
