Excerpt from New Primary Arithmetic: Embracing Mental and Written Exercises, for Beginners Hence, no arbitrary rules have been introduced, and only such hints and suggestions, with occasional formulae of reasoning, as were considered absolutely necessary for the profitable study of the lessons. In order that the reasoning of some of the principal processes might be the more apparent to the beginner, pictures of Objects have been, to some extent, introduced. After these counters are employed, as unit marks; and then follow lessons without any such aids, that the learner may early acquire the habit of depending upon mental resources alone for the solution of problems. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.