Net Neutrality in Europe – La neutralité de l'Internet en Europe

Net Neutrality in Europe – La neutralité de l'Internet en Europe
Author: Alain Strowel
Publisher: Primento
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2013-10-28
Genre: Law
ISBN: 2802743309

La neutralité de l’Internet requiert de garantir aux usagers un accès égal à tous les services et contenus en ligne. En pratique, la gestion du trafic oblige les opérateurs à différencier certains paquets d’information circulant sur les réseaux, par exemple pour lutter contre les messages indésirables. Parfois le traitement différencié des contenus engendre des discriminations non justifiées. Ainsi, en est-il si un opérateur en place dégrade un service concurrent de téléphonie sur Internet, tel que Skype. Le droit de la concurrence permet a priori de sanctionner un tel comportement anti-concurrentiel. Mais cela suffit-il à assurer la neutralité des réseaux ? Par ailleurs, l’augmentation rapide du trafic et l’ampleur des investissements à faire dans les infrastructures du futur incitent les opérateurs à limiter les débits de base, tout en garantissant la qualité de services spécialisés, par exemple de vidéoconférence. Cette différenciation des offres a un prix. On s’éloigne du principe originel de l’Internet qui veut que toutes les communications soient traitées de la même manière. Depuis quelques années, des académiques et pionniers de l’Internet dénoncent le risque d’un Internet « à plusieurs vitesses ». Aujourd’hui, les voix des consommateurs se font entendre. Faut-il adopter une législation spécifique ? Le cadre actuel des télécommunications en Europe suffit-il pour garantir la neutralité ? Mais d’abord, comment définir la neutralité de l’Internet ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions que cet ouvrage examine à un moment où la neutralité de l’Internet revient dans l’actualité. En juin 2013, la Commission européenne a en effet affiché sa volonté de légiférer en la matière. Le présent recueil de contributions vient donc à point nommé. This book summarizes the state of discussions regarding net neutrality in Europe. It comes at the time the European Commission intends to legislate to guarantee the right of all citizens to access the open Internet. Net neutrality is not only about how to ensure the fundamental right to receive and impart online information. The rules on the protection of consumers, by fostering transparency, also contribute to Internet neutrality and openness. Similarly competition law prohibits anti-competitive discrimination, including in Internet communications. Net neutrality thus appears at the juncture of various areas of the law. The contributions of this book compare the merits of various forms of regulation and discuss the policy dimensions of the net neutrality debate.

From Net Neutrality to ICT Neutrality

From Net Neutrality to ICT Neutrality
Author: Patrick Maillé
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2022-11-05
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 303106271X

This book discusses the pros and cons of information and communication (ICT) neutrality. It tries to be as objective as possible from arguments of proponents and opponents, this way enabling readers to build their own opinion. It presents the history of the ongoing network neutrality debate, the various concepts it encompasses, and also some mathematical developments illustrating optimal strategies and potential counter-intuitive results, then extends the discussion to connected ICT domains. The book thus touches issues related to history, economics, law, networking, and mathematics. After an introductory chapter on the history of the topic, chapter 2 surveys and compares the various laws in place worldwide and discusses some implications of heterogeneous rules in several regions. Next, chapter 3 details the arguments put forward by the participants of the net neutrality debate. Chapter 4 then presents how the impact of neutral or non-neutral behaviors can be analyzed mathematically, with sometimes counter-intuitive results, and emphasizes the interest of modeling to avoid bad decisions. Chapter 5 illustrates that content providers may not always be on the pro-neutrality side, as there are situations where they may have an economic advantage with a non-neutral situation, e.g. when they are leaders on a market and create barriers to entry for competitors. Another related issue is covered in chapter 6, which discusses existing ways for ISPs to circumvent the packet-based rules and behave non-neutral without breaking the written law. Chapter 7 gives more insight on the role and possible non-neutral behavior of search engines, leading to another debate called the search neutrality debate. Chapter 8 focuses on e-commerce platforms and social networks, and investigates how they can influence users’ actions and opinions. The issue is linked to the debate on the transparency of algorithms which is active in Europe especially. Chapter 9 focuses on enforcing neutrality in practice through measurements: indeed, setting rules requires monitoring the activity of ICT actors in order to sanction non-appropriate behaviors and be proactive against new conducts. The chapter explains why this is challenging and what tools are currently available. Eventually, Chapter 10 briefly concludes the presentation and opens the debate.

Policy Analytics, Modelling, and Informatics

Policy Analytics, Modelling, and Informatics
Author: J Ramon Gil-Garcia
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 434
Release: 2017-10-03
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3319617621

This book provides a comprehensive approach to the study of policy analytics, modelling and informatics. It includes theories and concepts for understanding tools and techniques used by governments seeking to improve decision making through the use of technology, data, modelling, and other analytics, and provides relevant case studies and practical recommendations. Governments around the world face policy issues that require strategies and solutions using new technologies, new access to data and new analytical tools and techniques such as computer simulation, geographic information systems, and social network analysis for the successful implementation of public policy and government programs. Chapters include cases, concepts, methodologies, theories, experiences, and practical recommendations on data analytics and modelling for public policy and practice, and addresses a diversity of data tools, applied to different policy stages in several contexts, and levels and branches of government. This book will be of interest of researchers, students, and practitioners in e-government, public policy, public administration, policy analytics and policy informatics.

Telecommunication Economics

Telecommunication Economics
Author: Antonis M. Hadjiantonis
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2012-04-27
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 364230382X

This book constitutes a collaborative and selected documentation of the scientific outcome of the European COST Action IS0605 Econ@Tel "A Telecommunications Economics COST Network" which run from October 2007 to October 2011. Involving experts from around 20 European countries, the goal of Econ@Tel was to develop a strategic research and training network among key people and organizations in order to enhance Europe's competence in the field of telecommunications economics. Reflecting the organization of the COST Action IS0605 Econ@Tel in working groups the following four major research areas are addressed: - evolution and regulation of communication ecosystems; - social and policy implications of communication technologies; - economics and governance of future networks; - future networks management architectures and mechanisms.

Network neutrality

Network neutrality
Author: Christopher T. Marsden
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2017-02-23
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1526105497

This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC) open access license. Net neutrality is the most contested Internet access policy of our time. This book offers an in-depth explanation of the concept, addressing its history since 1999, its engineering, the policy challenges it represents and its legislation and regulation. Various case studies are presented, including Specialized Services and Content Delivery Networks for video over the Internet, and the book goes on to examine the future of net neutrality battles in Europe, the United States and developing countries, as well as offering co-regulatory solutions based on FRAND and non-exclusivity. It will be a must-read for researchers and advocates in the net neutrality debate, as well as those interested in the context of communications regulation, law and economic regulation, human rights discourse and policy, and the impact of science and engineering on policy and governance.

Broadband Strategies Handbook

Broadband Strategies Handbook
Author: Tim Kelly
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2012-03-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0821389467

This guide identifies issues and challenges in broadband development, analyzing potential solutions to consider, and providing practical examples from countries that have addressed broadband-related matters.

A Book of Porcelain

A Book of Porcelain
Author: Bernard Rackham
Publisher:
Total Pages: 232
Release: 1910
Genre: Porcelain
ISBN:

It is the experience probably of most Western amateurs of porcelain to pass through three successive stages of development in their appreciation of an art which, even for the uninitiated, --for those who have no knowledge of its history and little understanding of its technical aspects, --is not lacking in charm and fascination.--pg. xiii.

Swiss Energy Governance

Swiss Energy Governance
Author: Peter Hettich
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 400
Release: 2021-11-26
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3030807878

This open access book gathers the results of an interdisciplinary research project led by the Swiss Competence Centers for Energy Research (SCCER CREST) and jointly implemented by several universities. It identifies political, economic and legal challenges and opportunities in the energy transition from a governance perspective by exploring a variety of tools that allow state, non-state and transnational actors to manage the transition of the energy industry toward less fossil-fuel reliance. When analyzing the roles of these actors, the authors examine not only formal procedures such as political and democratic processes, but also market behavior and societal practices. In other words, the handbook focuses on both the behavior and the positive and normative frameworks of political actors, bureaucracies, courts, international organizations, lobby groups, civil society, economic actors and individuals. The authors subsequently use their findings to formulate specific guidelines for lawmakers and other rule-makers, as well as private and public actors. To do so, they draw on approaches stemming from the legal, political and management sciences.

Net Neutrality Compendium

Net Neutrality Compendium
Author: Luca Belli
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2015-11-10
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3319264257

The ways in which Internet traffic is managed have direct consequences on Internet users’ rights as well as on their capability to compete on a level playing field. Network neutrality mandates to treat Internet traffic in a non-discriminatory fashion in order to maximise end users’ freedom and safeguard an open Internet. This book is the result of a collective work aimed at providing deeper insight into what is network neutrality, how does it relates to human rights and free competition and how to properly frame this key issue through sustainable policies and regulations. The Net Neutrality Compendium stems from three years of discussions nurtured by the members of the Dynamic Coalition on Network Neutrality (DCNN), an open and multi-stakeholder group, established under the aegis of the United Nations Internet Governance Forum (IGF).

Access to Broadband Networks

Access to Broadband Networks
Author: Angele A. Gilroy
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2011-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1437984541

As congressional policymakers continue to debate telecomm. reform, a major point of contention is the question of whether action is needed to ensure unfettered access to the Internet. The move to place restrictions on the owners of the networks that compose and provide access to the Internet, to ensure equal access and non-discriminatory treatment, is referred to as ¿net neutrality.¿A major focus in the debate is concern over whether it is necessary for policymakers to take steps to ensure access to the Internet for content, services, and applications providers, as well as consumers, what these steps should be. Contents of this report: Intro.; FCC Activity; Industry Initiatives; Network Mgmt.; The Policy Debate; Congress. Activity. A print on demand report.