Abstract: A 1974 expert report for food and nutrition program officials and policy makers, prepared for the US Senate by the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, presents a position paper of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the US National Academy of Sciences on the relationship of nutrition to brain development and behavior, and 8 related reprinted reports. The FNB position paper summarizes and discusses the results of human and animal behavioral studies with nutritional status and identifies additional research needs. Five of the reprinted reports, combined, are offered as a position paper of the American Dietetic Association. The remaining 3 reprinted reports represent individual papers dealing with the evaluation of small scale nutrition programs, the economic benefits of eliminating hunger in America, and the controversial potential of physician-induced malnutrition.