Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial Resistance
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2014
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9789241564748

Summary report published as technical document with reference number: WHO/HSE/PED/AIP/2014.2.

Monitoring global progress on antimicrobial resistance

Monitoring global progress on antimicrobial resistance
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 78
Release: 2021-03-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 924001974X

The Tripartite AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) helps to monitor country progress on the implementation of AMR national actions plans and has been administered on an annual basis by the Tripartite organizations (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and World Health Organization (WHO)) since 2016. This report analyzes the global responses on the fourth round of TrACSS (2019-2020) and examines the global trends and actions towards addressing AMR in all sectors. Complete country and global responses to all rounds of the survey can be accessed through the TrACSS database: https://amrcountryprogress.org/.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries

Antimicrobial Resistance in Developing Countries
Author: Aníbal de J. Sosa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 553
Release: 2009-10-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0387893709

Avoiding infection has always been expensive. Some human populations escaped tropical infections by migrating into cold climates but then had to procure fuel, warm clothing, durable housing, and crops from a short growing season. Waterborne infections were averted by owning your own well or supporting a community reservoir. Everyone got vaccines in rich countries, while people in others got them later if at all. Antimicrobial agents seemed at first to be an exception. They did not need to be delivered through a cold chain and to everyone, as vaccines did. They had to be given only to infected patients and often then as relatively cheap injectables or pills off a shelf for only a few days to get astonishing cures. Antimicrobials not only were better than most other innovations but also reached more of the world’s people sooner. The problem appeared later. After each new antimicrobial became widely used, genes expressing resistance to it began to emerge and spread through bacterial populations. Patients infected with bacteria expressing such resistance genes then failed treatment and remained infected or died. Growing resistance to antimicrobial agents began to take away more and more of the cures that the agents had brought.

Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine

Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine
Author: National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages:
Release: 2022-07-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780309269452

The National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, published in 2014, sets out a plan for government work to mitigate the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Direction on the implementation of this strategy is provided in five-year national action plans, the first covering 2015 to 2020, and the second covering 2020 to 2025. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine evaluates progress made against the national strategy. This report discusses ways to improve detection of resistant infections and estimate the risk to human health from environmental sources of resistance. In addition, the report considers the effect of agricultural practices on human and animal health and animal welfare and ways these practices could be improved, and advises on key drugs and diseases for which animal-specific test breakpoints are needed.

Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance

Challenges to Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance
Author: Michael Anderson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2020-04-23
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 1108799450

An accessible overview of the challenges in tackling AMR, and the economic and policy responses of the 'One Health' approach. It will appeal to policy-makers seeking to strengthen national and local polices tackling AMR, as well as students and academics who want an overview of the latest scientific evidence regarding effective AMR policies.

Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health

Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health
Author: Euzebiusz Jamrozik
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 448
Release: 2021-08-21
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9783030278762

This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.

Monitoring global progress on antimicrobial resistance: tripartite AMR country self-assessment survey (TrACSS) 2019–2020

Monitoring global progress on antimicrobial resistance: tripartite AMR country self-assessment survey (TrACSS) 2019–2020
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Total Pages: 78
Release: 2021-03-22
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9251340781

The global analysis report of the annual Tripartite AMR country self-assessment survey (TrACSS) is a component of a broader approach for monitoring and evaluating the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR). This report summarizes global responses from the fourth round of the TrACSS, held from November 2019 to July 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the response rates for the 2019–2020 TrACSS around were 11.8% lower than the previous year. A total of 136 (70.1%) countries out of 194 WHO Member States responded to the 2019–2020 TrACSS, compared to 159 out of 194 (81.9%) in 2018–2019.

Antiviral Drug Resistance

Antiviral Drug Resistance
Author: Douglas D. Richman
Publisher: Wiley
Total Pages: 324
Release: 1996-12-02
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780471961208

The study of antiviral drug resistance has provided important insights into the structure of virus enzymes, the functions of certain genes, mechanisms of action of antiviral drugs, the design of new antiviral compounds and the pathogenesis of viral diseases. The emergence of resistant strains must be explored at all stages of drug development: during the preclinical evaluation of candidate compounds; during the early clinical evaluation of new drugs; and as part of epidemiological surveillance for the prevalence of resistance during use of approved treatments. Accumulating understanding of antiviral drug resistance thus reflects progress in the chemotherapy of viral infection. Antiviral Drug Resistance provides state-of-the-art coverage of the basic and clinical aspects of this subject. It deals with the basic science, including the mechanisms of drug resistance and drug action, genetics of drug resistance, cross resistance, and X-ray crystallographic structural aspects of resistance, as well as the clinical aspects, including issues of assay of susceptibility of clinical isolates, descriptive aspects of emergence of reduced susceptibility, and clinical significance and impact of resistance. As such this unique volume will be essential to basic researchers in drug discovery and viral pathogenesis, as well as clinicians involved in antiviral chemotherapy.

Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats

Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 179
Release: 2020-09-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309675332

On December 4â€"5, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 1.5-day public workshop titled Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats. The workshop participants examined major advances in scientific, technological, and social innovations against microbial threats. Such innovations include diagnostics, vaccines (both development and production), and antimicrobials, as well as nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in surveillance. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach

Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 418
Release: 2012-09-10
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309259363

Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.