Monitored Natural Attenuation Of Explosives In Groundwater Cost And Performance
Download Monitored Natural Attenuation Of Explosives In Groundwater Cost And Performance full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Monitored Natural Attenuation Of Explosives In Groundwater Cost And Performance ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Monitored Natural Attenuation of Explosives in Groundwater: Cost and Performance
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) is a remedial alternative for explosives-contaminated groundwater at sites where a decline in contaminant mass can be demonstrated to occur at a rate sufficient to ensure the protection of potential receptors MNA is not a "no-action" alternative, but requires careful characterization of the site hydrogeology and contaminant distribution, long-term monitoring of groundwater, and groundwater modeling to conceptualize the contaminant plume and to predict future migration and attenuation MNA in the context of the demonstration described herein does not include intervention to promote natural processes Demonstrating that MNA is a viable remedial alternative requires gathering a "weight of evidence" that natural processes are sufficient to protect receptors of concern within a reasonable time frame. Explosives are subject to several attenuation mechanisms that effectively reduce concentrations in natural systems. Some of these processes have been defined, while other are poorly understood. MNA relies upon quality site characterization data, carefully conducted long-term monitoring, and groundwater modeling for contaminant conceptualization and long-term predictions of contaminant fate.
Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 124 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Arsenic |
| ISBN | : |
V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.
Monitored Natural Attenuation of Explosives in Groundwater
| Author | : Judith C. Pennington |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Explosives, Military |
| ISBN | : |
Contaminants in the Subsurface
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 371 |
| Release | : 2005-04-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 030909447X |
At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 423 |
| Release | : 2013-02-27 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0309278139 |
Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management
| Author | : Katalin Gruiz |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 583 |
| Release | : 2019-01-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1317697421 |
The four volumes of the book series "Engineering Tools for Environmental Risk Management" deal with environmental management, assessment & monitoring tools, environmental toxicology and risk reduction technologies. This last volume focuses on engineering solutions usually needed for industrial contaminated sites, where nature’s self-remediation is inefficient or too slow. The success of remediation depends on the selection of an increasing number of conventional and innovative methods. This volume classifies the remedial technologies and describes the reactor approach to understand and manage in situ technologies similarly to reactor-based technologies. Technology types include physicochemical, biological or ecological solutions, where near-natural, sustainable remediation has priority. A special chapter is devoted to natural attenuation, where natural changes can help achieve clean-up objectives. Natural attenuation and biological and ecological remediation establish a serial range of technologies from monitoring only to fully controlled interventions, using ‘ just’ the natural ecosystem or sophisticated artificial living systems. Passive artificial ecosystems and biodegradation-based remediation – in addition to natural attenuation – demonstrate the use of these ‘green’ technologies and how engineering intervention should be kept at a minimum to limit damage to the environment and create a harmonious ecosystem. Remediation of sites contaminated with organic substances is analyzed in detail including biological and physicochemical methods. Comprehensive management of pollution by inorganic contaminants from the mining industry, leaching and bioleaching and acid mine drainage is studied in general and specifically in the case of an abandoned mine in Hungary where the innovative technology of combined chemical and phytostabilization has been applied. The series of technologies is completed by electrochemical remediation and nanotechnologies. Monitoring, verification and sustainability analysis of remediation provide a comprehensive overview of the management aspect of environmental risk reduction by remediation. This book series focuses on the state of knowledge about the environment and its conscious and structured application in environmental engineering, management and decision making.
Bioremediation and Sustainability
| Author | : Romeela Mohee |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 439 |
| Release | : 2012-04-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1118371259 |
Bioremediation and Sustainability is an up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of research and applications for some of the most important low-cost, "green," emerging technologies in chemical and environmental engineering Sustainable development requires the development and promotion of environmental management and a constant search for green technologies to treat a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial habitats contaminated by increasing anthropogenic activities with the main sources of contaminants being the chemical industries. Bioremediation is a technique that uses living organisms in order to degrade or transform contaminants into their less toxic forms. It is based on the existence of microorganisms with the capacity to attack the compounds on the enzymatic level. Bioremediation is an increasingly popular low-cost alternative to conventional methods for treating wastes and contaminated media with the possibility to degrade these contaminants using natural microbial activity mediated by different consortia of microbes. Over the last few years, the scientific literature has revealed the progressive emergence of various bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation and Sustainability presents an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of chapters prepared in bioremediation technology research and applications. The strategies covered in this volume can be applied in situ or ex situ, depending on the site in which they will be applied. In situ is the treatment done in the site of the contamination, and ex situ involves the removal of soil or water to subsequent treatment. There is a wide variety of techniques that have been developed in the past and are covered in this volume, such as natural attenuation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biosorption, composting, phytoremediation, rhizoremediation, and bioleaching.
Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation
| Author | : Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2000-08-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309069327 |
In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
Introduction to Phytoremediation of Contaminated Groundwater
| Author | : James E. Landmeyer |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 427 |
| Release | : 2011-09-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9400719574 |
This book provides the reader with the comprehensive view necessary to understand and critically evaluate the design, implementation, and monitoring of phytoremediation at sites characterized by contaminated groundwater. Part I presents the historical foundation of the interaction between plants and groundwater, introduces fundamental groundwater concepts for plant physiologists, and introduces basic plant physiology for hydrogeologists. Part II presents information on how to assess, design, implement, and monitor phytoremediation projects for hydrologic control. Part III presents how plants take up and detoxify a wide range of organic xenobiotics in contaminated groundwater systems, and provides various approaches on how this can be assessed and monitored. Throughout, concepts are emphasized with numerous case studies, illustrations and pertinent literature citations.
