The Genetics of Circadian Rhythms

The Genetics of Circadian Rhythms
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2011-09-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0123876982

This latest volume in Advances in Genetics covers the genetics of Circadian rhythms. With an international group of authors this volume is the latest offering in this widely praised series.

Natural Variation and Clocks

Natural Variation and Clocks
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 108
Release: 2017-10-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128118121

Natural Variances and Clocks, Volume 99 in the Advances in Genetics series provides the latest information on the rapidly evolving field of genetics, presenting new medical breakthroughs and advances. This updated release includes chapters on a variety of new research, including the Natural variation of the circadian clock in Neurospora, Natural variation and genetics of the photoperiodic timer in the pitcher-plant mosquito, Natural variation in human clocks, and Natural variation in the circadian clock genes in Drosophila and other insects. This series continually publishes important reviews that are ideal for geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines, critically analyzing future directions. Critically analyzes future directions for the study of clinical genetics Written and edited by recognized leaders in the field Presents new medical breakthroughs that are occurring as a result of advances in our knowledge of genetics

Understanding Circadian Output Networks in Neurospora Crassa

Understanding Circadian Output Networks in Neurospora Crassa
Author: Rigzin N. Dekhang
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

The Neurospora crassa circadian clock is based on a highly regulated molecular negative feedback loop, similar to molecular clocks in all eukaryotes. A core component of the N. crassa molecular clock is the White Collar complex (WCC), composed of the blue light photoreceptor WC-1 and its partner WC-2. The WCC serves as a master regulator that controls light signaling, and the precise timing of target gene expression. Up to 40% of the eukaryote genome is under the control of the clock at the level of transcript abundance, but the molecular links between the core oscillator and downstream target genes, as well as the mechanisms controlling the phase of rhythmic gene expression, are not understood. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq), about 400 binding sites for the WCC were identified throughout the N. crassa genome. We found that 24 transcription factors (TFs) were significantly enriched among the direct WCC target genes. As expected for genes that are controlled by the WCC, the first-tier TFs are both clock- and light-regulated. These data led to the hypothesis that the WCC functions to control rhythms in TFs, which in turn control rhythmicity and phase of downstream target genes and processes. To test this hypothesis, the first-tier TF ADV-1 (Arrested Development-1) was investigated in detail to characterize the downstream circadian genetic network. ADV-1 target genes were identified using ChIP- and RNA-seq, and as expected many ADV-1 downstream target genes were light-responsive and/or clock-controlled. An enrichment for ADV-1 target genes involved in cell fusion, a process that is critical for normal vegetative and sexual development in N. crassa, provided a rationale for the observed developmental defects in ADV-1 deletion cells, and suggested that cell fusion is clock-controlled. Importantly, this work revealed that the transduction of time-of-day information through ADV-1 to its downstream targets is more complex than anticipated. Specifically, I show that deletion of ADV-1 does not always lead to predicted changes in rhythmic gene expression and/or phase, suggesting that ADV-1 functions in combination with other first-tier TFs to control rhythmicity. In support of this idea, genome-wide binding profiles of all of the first-tier TFs uncovered complex feedback and feed forward regulation involving ADV-1. Thus, my data revealed that in order to fully understand how the clock signals phase information to downstream targets, we need to go beyond the candidate gene approach, and instead develop computational models from our TF ChIP-seq and rhythmic transcriptome data to model how time of day information is transduced in the molecular circadian output gene network. Predictions of the model can then be validated using ADV-1 deletion cells alone, or in combination with deletion of other first-tier TFs in the network, with the goal of deriving design principles that define conserved aspects of the circadian output network in all eukaryotes, and important in human health. To test this hypothesis, the first-tier TF ADV-1 (Arrested Development-1) was investigated in detail to characterize the downstream circadian genetic network. ADV-1 target genes were identified using ChIP- and RNA-seq, and as expected many ADV-1 downstream target genes were light-responsive and/or clock-controlled. An enrichment for ADV-1 target genes involved in cell fusion, a process that is critical for normal vegetative and sexual development in N. crassa, provided a rationale for the observed developmental defects in ADV-1 deletion cells, and suggested that cell fusion is clock- controlled. Importantly, this work revealed that the transduction of time-of-day information through ADV-1 to its downstream targets is more complex than anticipated. Specifically, I show that deletion of ADV-1 does not always lead to predicted changes in rhythmic gene expression and/or phase, suggesting that ADV-1 functions in combination with other first-tier TFs to control rhythmicity. In support of this idea, genome-wide binding profiles of all of the first-tier TFs uncovered complex feedback and feed forward regulation involving ADV-1. Thus, my data revealed that in order to fully understand how the clock signals phase information to downstream targets, we need to go beyond the candidate gene approach, and instead develop computational models from our TF ChIP-seq and rhythmic transcriptome data to model how time of day information is transduced in the molecular circadian output gene network. Predictions of the model can then be validated using ADV-1 deletion cells alone, or in combination with deletion of other first-tier TFs in the network, with the goal of deriving design principles that define conserved aspects of the circadian output network in all eukaryotes, and important in human health. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155195

Circadian Rhythms

Circadian Rhythms
Author: Ezio Rosato
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 557
Release: 2008-02-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1597452572

This is an in-depth examination of circadian biology, presented by leading researchers in the field. Methods for analysis of rhythmic readouts in select model organisms are included. This cutting-edge collection of protocols is adaptable for research at every level, and represents the huge strides that chronobiologists have made over the past two decades. Circadian biologists at all research levels will realize tremendous benefit from this extraordinary collection.

Understanding the Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in the Regulation of Circadian Clock of Neurospora Crassa

Understanding the Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in the Regulation of Circadian Clock of Neurospora Crassa
Author: Tae Sung Kim
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

Circadian clock has been found in all forms of life from bacteria to humans. Its biological function is thought to provide organisms with time keeping ability, which enables organisms to control their behavioral, physiological and cellular activities efficiently on daily basis environmental changes. Over the past four decades, Neurospora crassa has been developed as a model organism for the study of circadian clocks. However, despite the intensive molecular characterizations of the Neurospora circadian clock, our understanding of this system is far from comprehensive. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analyses, using natural strains, have been successfully utilized over the past decade to dissect complex traits down to a naturally occurring polymorphism that is relevant to phenotypic variations. The high quality genomic sequence and sophisticated molecular biology tools, in combination with the QTL analysis, may make it possible to increase the understanding of mechanisms of circadian regulation and may also provide insights into the biological role of the circadian clock, especially in the process of adapting to local environments, a topic that is somewhat overlooked in current research. In this work, I have explored an alternative strategy to uncover new perspectives in the Neurospora circadian clock. My research has laid the groundwork for QTL analysis and has demonstrated QTL analysis of the clock phenotypes, period and entrained phase using natural populations. In chapter II, I describe the computational, statistical and genetic analyses performed to evaluate the marker potential of Neurospora simple sequence repeat (SSR) and to investigate the biological role of the SSR In chapter III, I describe the research regarding the development of two important bioinformatic tools which include 1) a genetic marker management system which facilitates QTL analysis and subsequent positional cloning steps, and 2) an automatic image processing system for the Neurospora circadian clock phenotype. Lastly, in chapter IV, I describe the results of QTL analysis for the two clock phenotypes (period, phase) in three natural F1 populations using two independent statistical methods. Subsequently, I confirmed the QTL effects of one of those in the BC4 generation which were predicted from the F1 populations by constructing near isogenic lines (NIL).

Genetics and Biotechnology

Genetics and Biotechnology
Author: J. Philipp Benz
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2020-10-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030499243

This fully revised third edition includes up-to-date topics and developments in the field, which has made tremendous strides since the publication of the second edition in 2004. Many novel techniques based on Next Generation Sequencing have sped up the analysis of fungi and major advances have been made in genome editing, leading to a deeper understanding of the genetics underlying cellular processes as well as their applicability. At the same time, the relevance of fungi is unbroken, both due to the serious threats to human health and welfare posed by fungal pests and pathogens, and to the many benefits that fungal biotechnology can offer for diverse emerging markets and processes that form the basis of the modern bioeconomy. With regard to these advances, the first section of this volume, Genetics, illustrates the basic genetic processes underlying inheritance, cell biology, metabolism and “lifestyles” of fungi. The second section, Biotechnology, addresses the applied side of fungal genetics, ranging from new tools for synthetic biology to the biotechnological potential of fungi from diverse environments. Gathering chapters written by reputed scientists, the book represents an invaluable reference guide for fungal biologists, geneticists and biotechnologists alike.