Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology refers to the study of pharmaceuticals in people. To that end, clinical pharmacologists focus on both improving the effectiveness of already available medications and creating brand new ones. In light of the thalidomide disaster, contemporary clinical pharmacology was born, yet nowadays, most adverse medication responses are dosage related. To begin with, doctors would utilise TDM to adjust a patient's dose based on their specific needs. In recent years, pharmacogenetics has been employed for this, and it has also proven helpful in selecting appropriate medications. Understanding how medications are absorbed, distributed, and excreted (pharmacokinetics) has allowed for advancements in this field. Evaluation of renal function and clarification of the pharmacokinetic implications of compromised renal function have been at the heart of this work. Clinical toxicology is a branch of toxicology that deals with the care of poisoned patients at the bedside. This includes making a definitive toxicological diagnosis, figuring out how bad the poisoning is right now and what the long-term outlook is, and choosing treatments, including antidotes. A clinical toxicologist's expertise in the possible dangers of drugs and chemicals enables them to aid in the prevention and preparation of chemical overdoses. Clinical disease is mostly brought on by toxicants. Because of this, clinical toxicology is included in internal medicine and greatly benefits from the expertise of other medical fields. Clinical toxicology calls for expert knowledge of pharmacology.