Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability

Control Systems Safety Evaluation and Reliability
Author: William M. Goble
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1998
Genre: Automatic control
ISBN: 9781556176364

This book provides a collection of tools to help the control engineer evaluate the safety and reliability of automated systems. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD), Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Markov modeling methods are described with many examples. The key issues including component failure modes, on-line diagnostics, common cause, software reliability and operational safety are discussed along with design rules for building better systems. Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) analysis techniques needed to meet new regulations are covered from sensor to final element. Reference material including sample failure rates, a glossary of terms, probability math review and data tables are supplied in a number of appendixes. Contents: Understanding Random Events Failures - Stress vs. Strength Reliability and Safety Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Fault Tree Analysis Network Modeling markov Modeling Diagnostics Common Cause Software Reliability System Modeling System Architectures Safety Instrumented Systems and Life Cycle Costing.

Coordination and Selectivity of Protection Devices with Reliability Assessment in Distribution Systems

Coordination and Selectivity of Protection Devices with Reliability Assessment in Distribution Systems
Author: Marco Antônio Ferreira
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017
Genre: Technology
ISBN:

This chapter provides an overview of the reliability of electricity distribution networks, and its evaluation that is linked with the protection system. In this way, the characteristics of network protection are presented, along with the peculiarities in coordination and device selectivity adjustments. For the assessment of the reliability, we have the methodology of logic-structural matrix (LSM) that integrates the constitution of the network with historical data of faults, so that with this, a model can be elaborated that can evaluate the impact of changes in the system directly on the reliability indicators.

Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems

Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems
Author: Subrahmanyam S. Venkata
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 372
Release: 2022-09-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119838274

Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems Provides a comprehensive introduction to today’s electric power distribution systems, perfect for advanced students and industry professionals Due to growth of renewable resources and advances in information technology, electric power distribution systems have undergone significant changes over the past fifteen years. The expansion of technologies such as consumer rooftop solar panels, electric vehicles, smart energy storage, and automated metering infrastructure make planning and operating power distribution systems challenging. Integration of advanced technologies at the distribution level is critical for realizing higher efficiency, reliability, resiliency, and flexibility. Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications provides comprehensive coverage of the key aspects of conventional and emerging distribution systems, including modeling, methodologies, analysis, planning, economics, distribution automation, reliability, grounding, protection, power quality, and distributed energy resources. Written by experts with decades of experience in academia and industry, this textbook integrates theory and practice to present a well-balanced treatment of topics relevant to modern electric power distribution systems. Detailed chapters address modeling of distribution system components, load characteristics and optimal selection of devices, microgrids and other types of energy resources, the challenges associated with the planning and operation of distribution systems, and more. Covers a wide range of both legacy and contemporary issues supported by rigorous analysis and practical insights Provides in-depth examination of outage management, voltage control, system restoration, and other operational functions Features real-world case studies of distribution automation functions in urban and rural power systems Discusses technologies for distributed energy resources (DER) with a focus on wind, solar, and battery storage Describes fundamental economics in the context of power distribution systems, such as the impact of tariffs on selling electricity to consumers of different types Explains the architecture of distribution system protection, including fuses, reclosers, overcurrent relays, and grounding practices The ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate courses, Electric Power and Energy Distribution Systems: Models, Methods, and Applications is also an excellent reference for professionals with limited prior knowledge about distribution systems.

The Impact of Protection System Failures on Power System Reliability Evaluation

The Impact of Protection System Failures on Power System Reliability Evaluation
Author: Kai Jiang
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

The reliability of protection systems has emerged as an important topic because protection failures have critical influence on the reliability of power systems. The goal of this research is to develop novel approaches for modeling and analysis of the impact of protection system failures on power system reliability. It is shown that repairable and non-repairable assumptions make a remarkable difference in reliability modeling. A typical all-digital protection system architecture is modeled and numerically analyzed. If an all-digital protection system is indeed repairable but is modeled in a non-repairable manner for analysis, the calculated values of reliability indices could be grossly pessimistic. The smart grid is emerging with the penetration of information-age technologies and the development of the Special Protection System (SPS) will be greatly influenced. A conceptual all-digital SPS architecture is proposed for the future smart grid. Calculation of important reliability indices by the network reduction method and the Markov modeling method is illustrated in detail. Two different Markov models are proposed for reliability evaluation of the 2-out-of-3 voting gates structure in a generation rejection scheme. If the model with consideration of both detectable and undetectable logic gate failures is used as a benchmark, the simple model which only considers detectable failures will significantly overestimate the reliability of the 2-out-of-3 voting gates structure. The two types of protection failures, undesired-tripping mode and fail-to-operate mode are discussed. A complete Markov model for current-carrying components is established and its simplified form is then derived. The simplified model can appropriately describe the overall reliability situation of individual components under the circumstances of complex interactions between components due to protection failures. New concepts of the self-down state and the induced-down state are introduced and utilized to build up the composite unit model. Finally, a two-layer Markov model for power systems with protection failures is proposed. It can quantify the impact of protection failures on power system reliability. Using the developed methodology, we can see that the assumption of perfectly reliable protection can introduce errors in reliability evaluation of power systems. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148369

Distribution Systems Analysis and Automation

Distribution Systems Analysis and Automation
Author: Juan Manuel Gers
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
Total Pages: 441
Release: 2020-07-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1785618717

Distribution systems analysis employs a set of techniques to simulate, analyse, and optimise power distribution systems. Combined with automation, these techniques underpin the concept of the smart grid. In recent years, distribution systems have been facing growing challenges, due to increasing demand as well as the rising shares of distributed and volatile renewable energy sources. For this new edition, the chapters of the first edition have been revised and updated, and the topics of distribution system analysis and distribution automation combined. Coverage includes smart grid, load flow analysis, determination of optimal topology, voltage control and capacitor application, power quality and harmonics in distribution systems, distribution system restoration, numerical relaying and distribution feeder protection, distributed generation and microgrid technology. New material related to renewable energy and microgrids are included, and maturity models and evaluation of smart grid projects are presented, along with material on the transition to the new distribution system technologies.