Modeling Fish Passage and Energy Expenditure for American Shad in a Steeppass Fishway Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

Modeling Fish Passage and Energy Expenditure for American Shad in a Steeppass Fishway Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model
Author: Kathryn Elizabeth Plymesser
Publisher:
Total Pages: 324
Release: 2014
Genre: Algorithms
ISBN:
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The Alaska steeppass is a fishway used extensively in the eastern U.S. and in remote locations. The baffles in the steeppass fishway tend to reduce water velocity to magnitudes negotiable by many species. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for common combinations of fishway slope and head pond elevation. Three-dimensional hydraulics information from the CFD model was used as a basis to predict passage success for American shad in the steeppass. The passage model considered six unique algorithms for swim path during ascent, and both the optimal swim speed approach of Castro-Santos (2005) and newly developed swim-speed information based on the laboratory study of Haro, Odeh, Castro-Santos, and Noreika (1999). The passage model was incorporated into a Monte Carlo framework to facilitate robust comparisons between the passage success predicted by the model and the experimental observations of Haro, Odeh, Castro-Santos, and Noreika (1999). The methods of Webb (1975) and Belke (1991) were then adapted to develop predictions of the energy expenditure of American shad. Findings included the observation that fish in the laboratory study did not tend to utilize the distance-optimizing prolonged swim speed of Castro-Santos (2005), but instead travelled at a faster velocity (more similar to the distance-optimizing burst speed) that resulted in significantly lower energy expenditures. The passage model did not indicate that the steeppass fishway presented a substantial velocity challenge to American shad. Comparisons of the passage model results with passage success in the study by Haro, Odeh, Castro-Santos, and Noreika (1999) led to the observation that other hydraulic factors (such as turbulence) or volitional issues should be the subject of further studies. The passage model was reformulated, creating a conceptual fishway of infinite length, to examine the distance at which model fish fail due to fatigue. The infinite-length model predicted that a fishway of 25 feet in length passed 99.0% of fish without fatigue failure. The velocity distributions from the CFD models also suggested that the zones of low velocity that existed near the bottom of the fishway under high head conditions may be desirable for successful ascent.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling to Support the Reduction of Fish Passage Exposure to Elevated Total Dissolved Gas and Predator Habitats at McNary Dam

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling to Support the Reduction of Fish Passage Exposure to Elevated Total Dissolved Gas and Predator Habitats at McNary Dam
Author: Joseph T. Dvorak
Publisher:
Total Pages: 257
Release: 2013
Genre: Fish habitat improvement
ISBN:
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The TDG distribution was then compared, using the grid of medium refinement against field data measured in 1997and were between 1.5 and 3% of error depending on the transect. After validation of the model 16 predictive simulations were run with varying levels of total river flow and operational conditions. Tailrace hydrodynamics along with TDG production and distribution were compared for simulations with comparable total river flow rates. Fish trajectories were tracked using the particle tracking model. Inert particles were injected into the domain and properties such as velocity, distance to the shore and depth about each were recorded. Statistics were then generated for the particles based on criteria that defined dangerous predation zones within the tailrace. After completion of the simulations, it was determined that existing operations consistentlyproduced higher levels of TDG due to increased entrainment of the powerhouse flows into the spillway regions. It was also found that with increasing total river flows, TDG levels increased. On average, summer operations had lower TDG than spring due to the lower total river flows. Predation zones were similar for all simulations, but particle statistics varied depending on operational conditions. In general, particles were safer for higher flowrates as fewer low velocity eddies where particles could be trapped formed in simulations with high flowrates.

Forebay Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling for The Dalles Dam to Support Behavior Guidance System Siting Studies

Forebay Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling for The Dalles Dam to Support Behavior Guidance System Siting Studies
Author: Gary E. Johnson
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2005
Genre:
ISBN:
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were developed to support the siting and design of a behavioral guidance system (BGS) structure in The Dalles Dam (TDA) forebay on the Columbia River. The work was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (CENWP). The CFD results were an invaluable tool for the analysis, both from a Regional and Agency perspective (for the fish passage evaluation) and a CENWP perspective (supporting the BGS design and location). The new CFD model (TDA forebay model) included the latest bathymetry (surveyed in 1999) and a detailed representation of the engineered structures (spillway, powerhouse main, fish, and service units). The TDA forebay model was designed and developed in a way that future studies could easily modify or, to a large extent, reuse large portions of the existing mesh. This study resulted in these key findings: (1) The TDA forebay model matched well with field-measured velocity data. (2) The TDA forebay model matched observations made at the 1:80 general physical model of the TDA forebay. (3) During the course of this study, the methodology typically used by CENWP to contour topographic data was shown to be inaccurate when applied to widely-spaced transect data. Contouring methodologies need to be revisited--especially before such things as modifying the bathymetry in the 1:80 general physical model are undertaken. Future alignments can be evaluated with the model staying largely intact. The next round of analysis will need to address fish passage demands and navigation concerns. CFD models can be used to identify the most promising locations and to provide quantified metrics for biological, hydraulic, and navigation criteria. The most promising locations should then be further evaluated in the 1:80 general physical model.

Fish Behavior in Relation to Modeling Fish Passage Through Hydropower Turbines

Fish Behavior in Relation to Modeling Fish Passage Through Hydropower Turbines
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 9
Release: 1997
Genre:
ISBN:
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We evaluated the literature on fish behavior as it relates to passage of fish near or through hydropower turbines. The goal was to foster compatibility of engineered systems with the normal behavior patterns of fish species and life stages such that entrainment into turbines and injury in passage are minimized. We focused on aspects of fish behavior that could be used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of fish trajectories through turbine systems. Downstream-migrating salmon smolts are generally surface oriented and follow flow. Smolts orient to the ceilings of turbine intakes but are horizontally distributed more evenly, except as affected by intake-specific turbulence and vortices. Smolts often enter intakes oriented head-upstream. Non-salmonids are entrained episodically, suggesting accidental capture of schools (often of juveniles or in cold water) and little behavioral control during turbine passage. Models of fish trajectories should not assume neutral buoyancy throughout the time a fish passes through a turbine, largely because of pressure effects on swim bladders. Fish use their lateral line system to sense obstacles and change their orientation, but this sensory-response system may not be effective in the rapid passage times of turbine systems. A Effects of pre-existing stress levels on fish performance in turbine passage are not well known but may be important. There are practical limits of observation and measurement of fish and flows in the proximity of turbine runners that may inhibit development of information germane to developing a more fish-friendly turbine. We provide recommendations for CFD modelers of fish passage and for additional research. 20 refs., 2 figs.

Passage of Shad at the Bonneville Fishways (Classic Reprint)

Passage of Shad at the Bonneville Fishways (Classic Reprint)
Author: G. B. Talbot
Publisher: Forgotten Books
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2017-11-21
Genre: Sports & Recreation
ISBN: 9780331594881
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Excerpt from Passage of Shad at the Bonneville Fishways An evident factor in the decline of the shad was the erection of dams that prevented the fish from ascending streams to reach their natural spawning grounds. Although many of these dams had fish ladders intended to pass fish upstream, the shad generally did not use the ladders. Con sequently, a part of the investigation of the Atlantic-coast shad has been a search for suitable methods of passing shad over obstructions. At the beginning of the study the only fishways we knew of that were utilized by shad were those at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest, and a special study was made of the passage of shad by those fishways. This paper is a report of that study. In the study, William H. Rees (now with the State of Washington Department of Fisheries) made the observations at Bonneville Dam and com piled and analyzed part of the data; C. J. Burner and K. G. Weber made many helpful suggestions during the progress of the study; B. A. Fredin and C. H. Walburg helped prepare the statistical analyses; C. E. Atkinson helped plan and carry out the study; and Harlan B. Holmes gave special help in obtaining unpublished records, supplied much of the factual information, and suggested methods of analyzing the data. I am indebted to Ivan Donaldson, resident biologist at Bonneville Dam, for his help and suggestions, and to the Corps of Engineers for the use of unpublished records and for the map and photographs. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.