The Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Poverty Diagnostic in Mozambique is part of a global initiative to improve the evidence base on the linkages between WASH, human development, and poverty. The Diagnostic provides a detailed analysis of sector status, strengths and weaknesses to inform the conditions needed to attain the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that aim not only for universal access but for safely managed water and sanitation coverage. This report summarizes three background papers of this activity; the first containing the overall summary of findings, a dossier of sector data, and lessons and recommendations; then two technical reports that cover (i) the detailed information and data on the linkages between WASH, health and human development outcomes, and (ii) the analysis of the main institutional barriers that exist in the rural water subsector. The report presents updated evidence and data using diverse analytical tools that contribute to understand why and how WASH investments could be coordinated with other sectors to improve human development outcomes, such as reduced childhood stunting. The information presented in this comprehensive report explores water supply service quality, affordability and availability and offers conceptual framework and institutional diagnostic applied to the rural water sector, where services have been lagging behind in terms of coverage over the past decades.