Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques
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| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 2016-04-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309388708 |
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. While MRTs, if effective, could satisfy a desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the technique raises significant ethical and social issues. It would create offspring who have genetic material from two women, something never sanctioned in humans, and would create mitochondrial changes that could be heritable (in female offspring), and therefore passed on in perpetuity. The manipulation would be performed on eggs or embryos, would affect every cell of the resulting individual, and once carried out this genetic manipulation is not reversible. Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques considers the implications of manipulating mitochondrial content both in children born to women as a result of participating in these studies and in descendants of any female offspring. This study examines the ethical and social issues related to MRTs, outlines principles that would provide a framework and foundation for oversight of MRTs, and develops recommendations to inform the Food and Drug Administration's consideration of investigational new drug applications.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 2016-03-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309388732 |
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child. While MRTs, if effective, could satisfy a desire of women seeking to have a genetically related child without the risk of passing on mtDNA disease, the technique raises significant ethical and social issues. It would create offspring who have genetic material from two women, something never sanctioned in humans, and would create mitochondrial changes that could be heritable (in female offspring), and therefore passed on in perpetuity. The manipulation would be performed on eggs or embryos, would affect every cell of the resulting individual, and once carried out this genetic manipulation is not reversible. Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques considers the implications of manipulating mitochondrial content both in children born to women as a result of participating in these studies and in descendants of any female offspring. This study examines the ethical and social issues related to MRTs, outlines principles that would provide a framework and foundation for oversight of MRTs, and develops recommendations to inform the Food and Drug Administration's consideration of investigational new drug applications.
| Author | : The Royal Society |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 239 |
| Release | : 2021-01-16 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309671132 |
Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight.
| Author | : Gianpiero D. Palermo |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 175 |
| Release | : 2021-11-25 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1108743838 |
"Not everything in medical science has a clear beginning. The first realization of infertility and putative remedies remain shrouded in contextual history, but likely goes back to the dawn of our species, well before there was a written record. Childlessness was, and is still, considered a burden in some communities"--
| Author | : Dr. Hakim. K. Saboowala |
| Publisher | : Dr.Hakim Saboowala |
| Total Pages | : 46 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
What you need to know about an Evolutionary Technique of “Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy(MRT)” a.k.a. “Mitochondrial Donation technique”: A Concise Review. Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy also referred to as “Mitochondrial Donation technique” pertains to the category of techniques in which the embryo possessing the nuclear DNA of the parents is subjected to the IVF procedure to have mitochondrial DNA of the donor female. In this era of advanced scientific technologies, MRT aims to treat the infecundity of the diseased females and provide them a suitable chance to have biologically related healthy offspring Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is a new form of reproductive in vitro fertilization (IVF) which works on the principle of replacing a women's abnormal mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) with the donor's healthy one. MRT include different techniques like: § Spindles transfer (ST), § Pronuclear transfer (PNT) or § Polar body transfer (PBT). Transmission of defective mitochondrial DNA to the next generation can also be prevented by using these approaches. The development of healthy baby free from genetic disorders and to terminate the lethal mitochondrial disorders are the chief motive of this technique. However, moral, social, and cultural objections have restricted its exploration. Therefore, it is attempted in this E-Booklet to summarize: · The various methods involved in MRT, · The global status, and · The exaggerated censure over the years which depicts a strong emphasis for social acceptance and clinical application in the world of medical science along with few relevant Illustrations for better understanding the subject at Molecular Level. …Dr. H. K. Saboowala. M.B.(Bom) .M.R.S.H.(London)
| Author | : Sorin Hostiuc |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 434 |
| Release | : 2018-08-07 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128137657 |
Clinical Ethics at the Crossroads of Genetic and Reproductive Technologies offers thorough discussions on preconception carrier screening, genetic engineering and the use of CRISPR gene editing, mitochondrial gene replacement therapy, sex selection, predictive testing, secondary findings, embryo reduction and the moral status of the embryo, genetic enhancement, and the sharing of genetic data. Chapter contributions from leading bioethicists and clinicians encourage a global, holistic perspective on applied challenges and the moral questions relating the implementation of genetic reproductive technology. The book is an ideal resource for practitioners, regulators, lawmakers, clinical researchers, genetic counselors and graduate and medical students. As the Human Genome Project has triggered a technological revolution that has influenced nearly every field of medicine, including reproductive medicine, obstetrics, gynecology, andrology, prenatal genetic testing, and gene therapy, this book presents a timely resource. Provides practical analysis of the ethical issues raised by cutting-edge techniques and recent advances in prenatal and reproductive genetics Contains contributions from leading bioethicists and clinicians who offer a global, holistic perspective on applied challenges and moral questions relating to genetic and genomic reproductive technology Discusses preconception carrier screening, genetic engineering and the use of CRISPR gene editing, mitochondrial gene replacement therapy, ethical issues, and more
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 329 |
| Release | : 2017-08-13 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309452880 |
Genome editing is a powerful new tool for making precise alterations to an organism's genetic material. Recent scientific advances have made genome editing more efficient, precise, and flexible than ever before. These advances have spurred an explosion of interest from around the globe in the possible ways in which genome editing can improve human health. The speed at which these technologies are being developed and applied has led many policymakers and stakeholders to express concern about whether appropriate systems are in place to govern these technologies and how and when the public should be engaged in these decisions. Human Genome Editing considers important questions about the human application of genome editing including: balancing potential benefits with unintended risks, governing the use of genome editing, incorporating societal values into clinical applications and policy decisions, and respecting the inevitable differences across nations and cultures that will shape how and whether to use these new technologies. This report proposes criteria for heritable germline editing, provides conclusions on the crucial need for public education and engagement, and presents 7 general principles for the governance of human genome editing.
| Author | : Margaret Marsh |
| Publisher | : Johns Hopkins University Press |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2019-08-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1421429845 |
Along the way, the book dispels a number of fertility myths, offers policy recommendations that are intended to bring clarity and judgment to this complicated medical history, and reveals why the United States is still known as the "Wild Westof reproductive medicine.
| Author | : Patrick F. Chinnery |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 229 |
| Release | : 2018-05-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0521132983 |
This interactive clinical textbook takes a system- and case-based approach in understanding mitochondrial disorders in clinical practice.
| Author | : Françoise Baylis |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT) are designed to prevent the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases from mother to child...The Royal Society of Canada has published a perspective on the U.S. report entitled, Mitochondrial Replacement Techniques: Ethical, Social and Policy Considerations indicating that it is difficult to imagine that nuclear genome transfer research would garner sufficient support in Canada to warrant legislative change.
