Mind Shapes
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| Author | : Alan R. Kahn |
| Publisher | : Paragon House Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 368 |
| Release | : 2005-03-30 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : |
In our everyday encounters, we are continuously challenged by people who think and respond in ways different from ourselves. Each one of us pays attention to different aspects of life, interprets experiences differently, understands certain issues better than others, communicates with differing styles, and uses different criteria for judging and believing others. Parents of a family with several children are usually amazed by the diverse ways in which the children develop. Managers are confounded by the unexpected misunderstandings among themselves and those they manage. Educators find it difficult to account for the broad spectrum of students' responses to a single course of study. And in relationships, one is often perplexed at the ways in which common, everyday words are sometimes interpreted. Those of us who study the ways in which people interact, continue to marvel at the differences people bring to thinking and communicating.For the past 20 years, Dr. Kahn has led a team of scientists in in-depth studies of the different brain processes leading to the different types of information processing in people. This research has developed tools which can measure how people reveal the structure of their thought processes in the flow of their communications. This has enabled the team to develop a model that organizes cognitive structures according to a new paradigm, one that explicitly shows the connections between cognition, input, and output. This paradigm identifies sixteen different ways in which people process information, and describes the underlying brain mechanisms which are responsible. Further, Mind Shapes presents how these differences developed through the stages of human evolution and the way they are expressed in the steps of modern child development.Theory and practicum come together as Mind Shapes links physiology of information processing to behavior, and shows how different people communicate, learn, and make decisions. This model has been successfully applied to education, management, consumer communications, and psychological counseling: dimensions of life where understanding human behavior and motivation are critical to success. Mind Shapes provides its readers with useful tools which were developed as a result of this experience.
| Author | : Shaun Gallagher |
| Publisher | : Clarendon Press |
| Total Pages | : 519 |
| Release | : 2006-10-12 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0191622575 |
How the Body Shapes the Mind is an interdisciplinary work that addresses philosophical questions by appealing to evidence found in experimental psychology, neuroscience, studies of pathologies, and developmental psychology. There is a growing consensus across these disciplines that the contribution of embodiment to cognition is inescapable. Because this insight has been developed across a variety of disciplines, however, there is still a need to develop a common vocabulary that is capable of integrating discussions of brain mechanisms in neuroscience, behavioural expressions in psychology, design concerns in artificial intelligence and robotics, and debates about embodied experience in the phenomenology and philosophy of mind. Shaun Gallagher's book aims to contribute to the formulation of that common vocabulary and to develop a conceptual framework that will avoid both the overly reductionistic approaches that explain everything in terms of bottom-up neuronal mechanisms, and inflationistic approaches that explain everything in terms of Cartesian, top-down cognitive states. Gallagher pursues two basic sets of questions. The first set consists of questions about the phenomenal aspects of the structure of experience, and specifically the relatively regular and constant features that we find in the content of our experience. If throughout conscious experience there is a constant reference to one's own body, even if this is a recessive or marginal awareness, then that reference constitutes a structural feature of the phenomenal field of consciousness, part of a framework that is likely to determine or influence all other aspects of experience. The second set of questions concerns aspects of the structure of experience that are more hidden, those that may be more difficult to get at because they happen before we know it. They do not normally enter into the content of experience in an explicit way, and are often inaccessible to reflective consciousness. To what extent, and in what ways, are consciousness and cognitive processes, which include experiences related to perception, memory, imagination, belief, judgement, and so forth, shaped or structured by the fact that they are embodied in this way?
| Author | : Barbara Tversky |
| Publisher | : Basic Books |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2019-05-21 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0465093078 |
An eminent psychologist offers a major new theory of human cognition: movement, not language, is the foundation of thought When we try to think about how we think, we can't help but think of words. Indeed, some have called language the stuff of thought. But pictures are remembered far better than words, and describing faces, scenes, and events defies words. Anytime you take a shortcut or play chess or basketball or rearrange your furniture in your mind, you've done something remarkable: abstract thinking without words. In Mind in Motion, psychologist Barbara Tversky shows that spatial cognition isn't just a peripheral aspect of thought, but its very foundation, enabling us to draw meaning from our bodies and their actions in the world. Our actions in real space get turned into mental actions on thought, often spouting spontaneously from our bodies as gestures. Spatial thinking underlies creating and using maps, assembling furniture, devising football strategies, designing airports, understanding the flow of people, traffic, water, and ideas. Spatial thinking even underlies the structure and meaning of language: why we say we push ideas forward or tear them apart, why we're feeling up or have grown far apart. Like Thinking, Fast and Slow before it, Mind in Motion gives us a new way to think about how--and where--thinking takes place.
| Author | : Sebastian Watzl |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 336 |
| Release | : 2017-03-09 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0191633003 |
What is attention? How does attention shape consciousness? In an approach that engages with foundational topics in the philosophy of mind, the theory of action, psychology, and the neurosciences this book provides a unified and comprehensive answer to both questions. Sebastian Watzl shows that attention is a central structural feature of the mind. The first half of the book provides an account of the nature of attention. Attention is prioritizing, it consists in regulating priority structures. Attention is not another element of the mind, but constituted by structures that organize, integrate, and coordinate the parts of our mind. Attention thus integrates the perceptual and intellectual, the cognitive and motivational, and the epistemic and practical. The second half of the book concerns the relationship between attention and consciousness. Watzl argues that attentional structure shapes consciousness into what is central and what is peripheral. The center-periphery structure of consciousness cannot be reduced to the structure of how the world appears to the subject. What it is like for us thus goes beyond the way the world appears to us. On this basis, a new view of consciousness is offered. In each conscious experience we actively take a stance on the world we appear to encounter. It is in this sense that our conscious experience is our subjective perspective.
| Author | : Seth S. Horowitz |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing USA |
| Total Pages | : 322 |
| Release | : 2012-09-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1608190900 |
Reveals how the human sense of hearing manipulates how people think, consume, sleep and feel, explaining the hearing science behind such phenomena as why people fall asleep while traveling, the reason fingernails on a chalkboard causes cringing and why songs get stuck in one's head.
| Author | : Rolf Pfeifer |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 419 |
| Release | : 2006-10-27 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 0262288524 |
An exploration of embodied intelligence and its implications points toward a theory of intelligence in general; with case studies of intelligent systems in ubiquitous computing, business and management, human memory, and robotics. How could the body influence our thinking when it seems obvious that the brain controls the body? In How the Body Shapes the Way We Think, Rolf Pfeifer and Josh Bongard demonstrate that thought is not independent of the body but is tightly constrained, and at the same time enabled, by it. They argue that the kinds of thoughts we are capable of have their foundation in our embodiment—in our morphology and the material properties of our bodies. This crucial notion of embodiment underlies fundamental changes in the field of artificial intelligence over the past two decades, and Pfeifer and Bongard use the basic methodology of artificial intelligence—"understanding by building"—to describe their insights. If we understand how to design and build intelligent systems, they reason, we will better understand intelligence in general. In accessible, nontechnical language, and using many examples, they introduce the basic concepts by building on recent developments in robotics, biology, neuroscience, and psychology to outline a possible theory of intelligence. They illustrate applications of such a theory in ubiquitous computing, business and management, and the psychology of human memory. Embodied intelligence, as described by Pfeifer and Bongard, has important implications for our understanding of both natural and artificial intelligence.
| Author | : E. J. W. Barber |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 311 |
| Release | : 2006-09-25 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0691127743 |
Why were Prometheus and Loki envisioned as chained to rocks? What was the Golden Calf? Why are mirrors believed to carry bad luck? This groundbreaking book points the way to restoring some of that lost history and teaching about storytelling.
| Author | : Joel Gold |
| Publisher | : Simon and Schuster |
| Total Pages | : 352 |
| Release | : 2015-07-21 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 143918156X |
"The Truman Show delusion and other strange beliefs"--Cover.
| Author | : Douglas S. Huffman |
| Publisher | : Kregel Academic |
| Total Pages | : 242 |
| Release | : 2012-01-12 |
| Genre | : Religion |
| ISBN | : 0825436737 |
What does it mean to think and live Christianly in a world of competing worldviews? Christian Contours answers this question by inviting readers to consider the understanding of reality proposed by the Bible. Though it is easy to divide life into separate compartments (religious and secular, theological and practical), faith invites us to view all of life in the light of that Biblical understanding. Presenting a clear, compelling case for unity in essential Christian tenets, the authors of Christian Contours guide the reader through developing, internalizing, and articulating a biblical worldview. This robust worldview enables the Christian to be a critically-thinking participant in culture and to be a faithful disciple of Christ with both heart and mind.
| Author | : Kevin J. Mitchell |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 305 |
| Release | : 2020-03-31 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0691204152 |
"What makes you the way you are--and what makes each of us different from everyone else? In Innate, leading neuroscientist and popular science blogger Kevin Mitchell traces human diversity and individual differences to their deepest level: in the wiring of our brains. Deftly guiding us through important new research, including his own groundbreaking work, he explains how variations in the way our brains develop before birth strongly influence our psychology and behavior throughout our lives, shaping our personality, intelligence, sexuality, and even the way we perceive the world. We all share a genetic program for making a human brain, and the program for making a brain like yours is specifically encoded in your DNA. But, as Mitchell explains, the way that program plays out is affected by random processes of development that manifest uniquely in each person, even identical twins. The key insight of Innate is that the combination of these developmental and genetic variations creates innate differences in how our brains are wired--differences that impact all aspects of our psychology--and this insight promises to transform the way we see the interplay of nature and nurture. Innate also explores the genetic and neural underpinnings of disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, and how our understanding of these conditions is being revolutionized. In addition, the book examines the social and ethical implications of these ideas and of new technologies that may soon offer the means to predict or manipulate human traits. Compelling and original, Innate will change the way you think about why and how we are who we are."--Provided by the publisher.
