Microwaves And Thermoregulation
Download Microwaves And Thermoregulation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Microwaves And Thermoregulation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Eleanor Adair |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 503 |
| Release | : 2012-12-02 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0323140688 |
Microwaves and Thermoregulation emerged from a symposium hosted by the John B. Pierce Foundation at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, on October 26-27, 1981. The event brought together engineers, physical scientists, physiologists, and psychologists to discuss the ways in which nonionizing electromagnetic radiation deposits thermalizing energy in biological tissues and how this energy may be detected and managed by the conscious organism. The book begins by tracing the history of thermal RF-tolerance and of thermoregulation. This is followed by chapters on topics such as the characteristics of the thermal environment; the microwave stimulus; electromagnetic heating for therapy; the effects of thermal (infrared) radiation on humans; body temperature regulation during euthermia and hyperthermia; the central nervous thermoregulatory system; and thermal sensation. Other chapters discuss the sensory dynamics of intense microwave irradiation; thermoregulation in intense microwave fields; thermoregulatory behavioral responses; and effects of long-term (subchronic) exposure to weak microwave fields. The book also includes a chapter featuring panel discussion held during the symposium, and one that discusses G. A. Sachers free-energy hypothesis of life-span enhancement.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 15 |
| Release | : 1983 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The primary goal of the Symposium was to discuss how nonionizing radiation deposits thermalizing energy in biological tissues and the means by which this energy may be detected and effectively dealt with by the conscious organism. Much is known of the mechanisms by which endotherms achieve and maintain a characteristic stable internal body temperature in the face of environmental and internal thermal stresses. Nonionizing radio-frequency radiation provides a unique thermal challenge to deep as well as peripheral tissues that must be dealt with by these same mechanisms. Over the past several years, research into the biological effects of microwave exposure has advanced considerably; research emphasis has shifted from high intensity to low intensity exposure as scientists probe more and more subtle biological effects. With this shift in emphasis has come the realization that a body temperature increase in an experimental animal exposed to microwaves implies a breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanisms. On the other hand, low intensity exposures (previously dubbed non-thermal) usually initiate immediate and efficient thermoregulatory processes that ensure the constancy of the internal body temperature.
| Author | : S. M. Michaelson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 13 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
These studies clearly indicate the thermoregulatory capacity of the dog to withstand exposure to high microwave fields at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 3.7 and 6.1 W/kg. It appears that adequate thermoregulation takes place at an SAR of 3.7 W/kg but only transiently at 6.1 W/kg. These values, compared with the standardized resting metabolic rate of 3.29 W/kg (0.75), provide a basis for assessing the relationship of the thermal burden and thermo-regulatory disruption by microwaves in the dog. To elucidate the thermal potential of microwave exposure, it was helpful to conduct these exposures at various ambient temperatures in which the normal body temperature remained stable, thus permitting comparison of het production and dissipation with our without microwaves. The zone of the thermal neutrality or thermoneutral zone of vasomotor activity, 22-26.5 deg C, where body temperature is regulated by changes in vasomotor tonus, fulfilled this requirement.
| Author | : Eleanor R. Adair |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 490 |
| Release | : 1983 |
| Genre | : Body temperature |
| ISBN | : 9780835948906 |
| Author | : Eleanor R. Adair |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 79 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Low intensity microwave fields alter normal responses, both autonomic and behavioral, that regulate the body temperature. Using the squirrel monkey as an animal model, we have quantified the minimal intensity of 2450 MHz CW microwaves that will lower metabolic heat production in the cold, initiate thermoregulatory sweating in the heat, alter peripheral vasomotor tone in thermoneutral environments, and stimulate a behaving animal to select a cooler environment. The threshold intensities for all responses were remarkably similar (4-8 mW/cu cm), representing 15-20% of the monkey's resting metabolic rate. This finding suggests a common thermal basis for the response changes. Autonomic responses that generate or dissipate body heat showed some adaptation during prolonged microwave exposure whereas behaviroal thermoregulatory responses persisted unchanged as long as the microwave field was present. Partial body microwave exposure produced appropriate adjustments in thermoregulatory responses to a degree nominally proportional to the fraction of the body so exposed. In general, whether the environment is cold or warm, endotherms detect and respond immediately to low intensity microwave fields as they do to other environmental thermal stimuli with the result that internal body temperature is regulated with precision at the normal level. (Author).
| Author | : Charles Polk |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 512 |
| Release | : 2019-07-23 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1351079468 |
The objective of this book is to present in a concise manner what is actually known at the present time about biological effects of time invariant, low frequency and radio frequency (including microwave) electric and magnetic fields. In reviewing the vast amount of experimental data which have been obtained in recent years, the authors tried to select those results that are, in their opinion, of major importance and of lasting value. In discussing mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic fields with living matter they have tried to differentiate between what is clearly established, what is suggested by available evidence without being convincingly proven, and what is conjecture at the present time.
| Author | : B. Jon Klauenberg |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 2013-11-22 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1489909451 |
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research and personnel safety standards development for exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) for over twenty years. The Aerospace Medical Panel of the Advisory Group For Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) sponsored Lecture Series No. 78 Radiation Hazards,! in 1975, in the Netherlands, Germany, and Norway, on the subject of Radiation Hazards to provide a review and critical analysis of the available information and concepts. In the same year, Research Study Group 2 on Protection of Personnel Against Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation (Panel VIIl of AC/243 Defence Research Group, NATO) proposed a revision to Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345. The intent of the proposal was to revise the ST ANAG to incorporate frequency-dependent-RFR safety guidelines. These changes are documented in the NATO STANAG 2345 (MED), Control and Recording of Personnel Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation,2 promulgated in 1979. Research Study Group 2 (RSG2) of NATO Defense Research Group Panel VIII (AC1243) was organized, in 1981, to study and contribute technical information concerning the protection of military personnel from the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. A workshop at the Royal Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U. K. was held to develop and/or compile sufficient knowledge on the long-term effects of pulsed RFR to maintain safe procedures and to minimize unnecessary operational constraints.
| Author | : Gennadiy I. Churyumov |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2021-08-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1839682264 |
More than 80 years of experience in the practical application of electromagnetic energy in various fields of human activity (industry, agriculture, science, medicine, etc.) suggests that microwave heating is an effective application of electromagnetic energy. This book presents the latest investigations on the applications of microwave energy and the effects of microwave radiation on various materials and mediums. Divided into two sections on thermal and nonthermal effects, this volume contains eight chapters that examine the use of microwave energy to extract bioactive compounds from plant materials, for rock-breaking operations, to synthesize functional dyes and nanomaterials, and more.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Government publications |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780120440207 |
