Microtheory
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| Author | : William J. Baumol |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780262022453 |
This volume of seventeen previously published essays by William J. Baumol brings together work on the theory of contestable markets, welfare theory, antitrust, pricing, and the history of economic thought. Written between 1971 and 1983, they have sparked productive extensions and criticism in microeconomic theory and provide an engaging intellectual history of one of the leading figures in the field of economics. Baumol introduces each of the book's four parts, presenting his subsequent views on the subjects covered in the reprinted articles, including some important amendments.The book opens with an autobiographical essay that presents the intellectual climate of economics in the 1940s in which Kenneth Arrow, Frank Hahn, Martin Shubik, Otto Eckstein, and Gary Becker were beginning their careers. Baumol's introductory essays to the book's major sections take up the threads from this autobiographical piece and follow them to the development of concepts central to economic theory, applications, and methodology.Three essays in the first part provide an underpinning for the theory of contestable markets. In the second part five essays explore issues in welfare economics such as the role of diminishing and increasing returns may play the role of symmetric obstacles to Pareto optimality. Essays in the third part range from regulation and antitrust to urban economics to the Phillips curve and the pitfalls of using, in the analysis of real issues, dual values derived from linear models when the underlying reality is nonlinear. Those in the concluding part focus on the history of economic ideas such as the Smithian versus Marxian view of business morality and the social interest, the Marxian concept of value transformation, the iron law of wages, and Say's law.William J. Baumol is Professor of Economics by joint appointment at Princeton University and New York University.
| Author | : William J. Baumol |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 263 |
| Release | : 2010-07-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1400835224 |
An authoritative look at the microeconomics of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs are widely recognized for the vital contributions they make to economic growth and general welfare, yet until fairly recently entrepreneurship was not considered worthy of serious economic study. Today, progress has been made to integrate entrepreneurship into macroeconomics, but until now the entrepreneur has been almost completely excluded from microeconomics and standard theoretical models of the firm. The Microtheory of Innovative Entrepreneurship provides the framework for introducing entrepreneurship into mainstream microtheory and incorporating the activities of entrepreneurs, inventors, and managers into standard models of the firm. William Baumol distinguishes between the innovative entrepreneur, who comes up with new ideas and puts them into practice, and the replicative entrepreneur, which can be anyone who launches a new business venture, regardless of whether similar ventures already exist. Baumol puts forward a quasi-formal theoretical analysis of the innovative entrepreneur's influential role in economic life. In doing so, he opens the way to bringing innovative entrepreneurship into the accepted body of mainstream microeconomics, and offers valuable insights that can be used to design more effective policies. The Microtheory of Innovative Entrepreneurship lays the foundation for a new kind of microtheory that reflects the innovative entrepreneur's importance to economic growth and prosperity.
| Author | : Heiner Stuckenschmidt |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 375 |
| Release | : 2009-05-25 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 3642019064 |
This book constitutes a collection of research achievements mature enough to provide a firm and reliable basis on modular ontologies. It gives the reader a detailed analysis of the state of the art of the research area and discusses the recent concepts, theories and techniques for knowledge modularization. The 13 papers presented in this book were all carefully reviewed before publication. They have been organized in three parts: Part I gives a general introduction to the idea and issues characterizing modularization and offers an in-depth analysis of properties, criteria and knowledge import techniques for modularization. Part II describes four major research proposals for creating modules from an existing ontology either by partitioning an ontology into a collection of modules or by extracting one or more modules from the ontology. Part III reports on collaborative approaches where modules that pre-exist are linked together through mappings to form a virtual large ontology.
| Author | : Ralph E. Gomory |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 2022-06-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0262545802 |
Ralph Gomory and William Baumol adapt classical trade models to the modern world economy. In this book Ralph Gomory and William Baumol adapt classical trade models to the modern world economy. Trade today is dominated by manufactured goods, rapidly moving technology, and huge firms that benefit from economies of scale. This is very different from the largely agricultural world in which the classical theories originated. Gomory and Baumol show that the new and significant conflicts resulting from international trade are inherent in modern economies.Today improvement in one country's productive capabilities is often attainable only at the expense of another country's general welfare. The authors describe why and when this is so and why, in a modern free-trade environment, a country might have a vital stake in the competitive strength of its industries.
| Author | : Steven Rabin |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 630 |
| Release | : 2013-09-11 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1466565969 |
Successful games merge art and technology in truly unique ways. Fused under tight production deadlines and strict performance requirements, shaped by demanding player expectations, games are among the most complex software projects created today. Game AI Pro: Collected Wisdom of Game AI Professionals covers both the art and the technology of game AI. Nothing covered is theory or guesswork. The book brings together the accumulated wisdom, cutting-edge ideas, and clever tricks and techniques of 54 of today’s top game AI professionals. Some chapters present techniques that have been developed and passed down within the community for years while others discuss the most exciting new research and ideas from today’s most innovative games. The book includes core algorithms that you’ll need to succeed, such as behavior trees, utility theory, spatial representation, path planning, motion control, and tactical reasoning. It also describes tricks and techniques that will truly bring your game to life, including perception systems, social modeling, smart camera systems, player prediction, and even an AI sound designer. Throughout, the book discusses the optimizations and performance enhancements that enable your game to run while maintaining 60 frames per second.
| Author | : Zoubida Kedad |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 453 |
| Release | : 2007-06-21 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 3540733507 |
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2007, held in Paris, France in June 2007. It covers natural language for database query processing, email management, semantic annotation, text clustering, ontology engineering, natural language for information system design, information retrieval systems, and natural language processing techniques.
| Author | : Jeff Zhuk |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 652 |
| Release | : 2004-07-26 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9780521525831 |
What would you do if your IT job was no longer performed in your country? Your survival does not lie in limiting global collaborative engineering. IT workers will survive and prosper because of their ability to innovate, to quickly learn and change directions, and to evolve from Information Technology into Distributed Knowledge Marketplace. You have no choice but to be pro-active, learn to stay current, even run ahead of the game. Integration-Ready Architecture and Design bridges the gap for a new generation of wired and wireless software technologies and teaches a set of skills that are demanded by fast moving software evolution. This up-to-date textbook integrates theory and practice, going from foundations and concepts to specific applications. Through deep insights into almost all areas of modern CIS and IT, Zhuk provides an entry into the new world of integrated knowledge and software engineering. Readers will learn the what s, why s, and how s on: J2EE, J2ME, .NET, JSAPI, JMS, JMF, SALT, VoiceXML, WAP, 802.11, CDNA, GPRS, CycL, XML, and multiple XML-based technologies including RDF, DAML, SOAP, UDDI, and WDSL. Students, architects, designers, coders, and even management benefit from innovative ideas and detailed examples for building multi-dimensional worlds of enterprise applications and creating distributed knowledge marketplace.
| Author | : Alan H. Bond |
| Publisher | : Morgan Kaufmann |
| Total Pages | : 668 |
| Release | : 2014-06-05 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 1483214443 |
Most artificial intelligence research investigates intelligent behavior for a single agent--solving problems heuristically, understanding natural language, and so on. Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is concerned with coordinated intelligent behavior: intelligent agents coordinating their knowledge, skills, and plans to act or solve problems, working toward a single goal, or toward separate, individual goals that interact. DAI provides intellectual insights about organization, interaction, and problem solving among intelligent agents. This comprehensive collection of articles shows the breadth and depth of DAI research. The selected information is relevant to emerging DAI technologies as well as to practical problems in artificial intelligence, distributed computing systems, and human-computer interaction. "Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence" proposes a framework for understanding the problems and possibilities of DAI. It divides the study into three realms: the natural systems approach (emulating strategies and representations people use to coordinate their activities), the engineering/science perspective (building automated, coordinated problem solvers for specific applications), and a third, hybrid approach that is useful in analyzing and developing mixed collections of machines and human agents working together. The editors introduce the volume with an important survey of the motivations, research, and results of work in DAI. This historical and conceptual overview combines with chapter introductions to guide the reader through this fascinating field. A unique and extensive bibliography is also provided.
| Author | : Pamela Faber |
| Publisher | : John Benjamins Publishing Company |
| Total Pages | : 608 |
| Release | : 2022-06-15 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 9027257787 |
The aim of this volume is to provide an overview of different theoretical perspectives on Terminology, from Wüster to other initiatives that have emerged since the beginning of the 1990s. The volume also covers important topics which have significantly influenced Terminology and its evolution. These include variation, multidimensionality, conceptual relations, and equivalence, among others. The twenty-two chapters of the volume, all written by acknowledged experts in the field, explore the questions that different approaches seek to answer. They also describe the theoretical and methodological principles that were devised over the years to characterize, analyze, and represent terminological data. The semi-chronological, semi-thematic organization of chapters not only provides readers with a clear vision of the evolution of ideas in Terminology, but also gives them an understanding as to why some of these ideas were initially challenged. In addition to being accessible to readers unfamiliar with the basic theoretical principles in the field, the chapters provide a showcase of current research in the field, the challenges looming on the horizon, and finally future directions in terminological research. By bringing together work that is often disseminated in different forums and written in different languages, this volume provides a unique opportunity to look at how different theoretical approaches to Terminology offer complementary perspectives on terms, concepts and specialized knowledge, and help to further a better understanding of the complex phenomena that terminologists must successfully deal with in their work.
| Author | : Constance Rimmer Tiffany |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 420 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780761902355 |
In a groundbreaking publication, Constance Rimmer Tiffany and Louette R. Johnson Lutjens present a foundation for nurses: understanding of planned change. "Planned Change Theories for Nursing" contains overviews of three widely accepted change theoriesand a new systems-oriented planned change theory and shows the implications of these theories for nursing practice. The first section of this book offers a thoughtful overview of the issues involved in the use of planned change theories, beginning with the rationale for studying planned change theories and important points to consider in choosing among them. The authors then explore the role of power in change and discuss moral and ethical questions involved in planned change. The final chapter in this section addresses the diagnostic process, innovations as solutions, and the evaluation of planned change. Chapter 9 serves as a transition in which the authors reflect on the implications of planned change in a representative nursing model, the well-known Roy Adaptation Model. This chapter also provides a nursing orientation for Part II, in which the authors examine in turn Lewin's micro theories; Bennis, Benne, and Chin's planned change writings; the Rogers Diffusion Model; and Bhola's Configurations Model. For each of these theories or models, the authors present an overview, an analysis and critique, and a discussion entitled, "Altering the Peg," in which the theories are individually viewed in light of the key concepts in the Roy Adaptation Model. The book concludes with a discussion of the theoretical underpinnings for carrying out planned change research and incorporating research findings in nursing practice. In addition, the appendixes provide a wealth of source information for the theories discussed.
