Microplastics Pollution And Worldwide Policies On Plastic Use
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| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 2022-02-22 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264584064 |
While plastics are extremely useful materials for modern society, plastics production and waste generation continue to increase with worsening environmental impacts despite international, national and local policy responses, as well as industry commitments. The first of two reports, this Outlook intends to inform and support policy efforts to combat plastic leakage.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 139 |
| Release | : 2021-10-20 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264559396 |
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the natural environment. This report synthesises the current state of knowledge on the sources, fate and risks of microplastics pollution. It then focuses on two sources of microplastics pollution, textile products and vehicle tyres, due to their substantial contribution to global microplastics emissions and currently largely absent policy frameworks to mitigate them.
| Author | : Tin Sin Lee |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 326 |
| Release | : 2024-06-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1040026214 |
Microplastics Pollution and Worldwide Policies on Plastic Use discusses microplastic pollution and global policies developed to tackle the problem. It details the mechanisms of microplastics occurrence, sources, and impacts. It then offers a comprehensive overview of the various policies created by specific countries in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa to address plastics use and minimize its effects. Describes microplastics pollution found worldwide in drinking water and food chains. Addresses policies implemented in Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Africa and details local policies for various countries within each region, including requirements and penalties for non-compliance. Explains the mission and vision of global organizations such as the United Nations, G7, World Economic Forum, World Bank, and Lisbon Treaty. This book is aimed at academics, industrial professionals, policy makers, and general readers interested in the mitigation of microplastic pollution.
| Author | : Michael S. Bank |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 364 |
| Release | : 2021-10-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030786277 |
This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.
| Author | : Martin Wagner |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 309 |
| Release | : 2017-11-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319616153 |
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 250 |
| Release | : 2022-09 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 9780309458856 |
An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.
| Author | : Melanie Bergmann |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 2015-06-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319165100 |
This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
| Author | : Mohd. Shahnawaz |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 546 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9819983576 |
| Author | : Paul G. Harris |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 465 |
| Release | : 2019-02-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1108422489 |
Offers a multidisciplinary edited volume on policy dimensions of climate change for the world's oceans, for researchers, policymakers and activists.
| Author | : Hrissi K. Karapanagioti |
| Publisher | : IWA Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 237 |
| Release | : 2019-09-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1789060028 |
This book covers the topic of microplastics in water and wastewater. The chapters start with introductory issues related to the growing interest in the scientific community on microplastics and the human water cycle and point out where the microplastics could interact with water. The subsequent chapters examine evidence of the microplastic presence in freshwater, such as in both rivers and lakes, in freshwater biota, and hazardous chemicals associated with microplastics in such systems. Another set of chapters discuss the presence of microplastics in wastewater: their sources; their transfer through a wastewater treatment plant; the concentration of microplastics in effluents throughout the world; the plastic biomedia used in wastewater treatment plants and the effect on the surrounding environment of effluent wastewater pipes. These chapters also discuss the sampling methods, the sample treatment and analysis techniques used so far for microplastics in wastewater. Additionally, the presence of microplastics in sewage sludge and in soils irrigated with wastewater or fertilized with sludge are discussed. The possible impact of plastics and their additives on plants, microalgae, and humans are reviewed and presented in a critical way. Finally, a chapter summarizes all the relevant regulations and initiatives that point to the necessity of a global directive for the protection of the environment from plastic and microplastic pollution. The topic of microplastics in freshwater systems and in wastewater has scarcely been studied and requires more attention. Microplastics in Water and Wastewater aims to bring these initial findings to the attention of a broader audience and especially to operators and managers of freshwater and wastewater systems. It will also be helpful to people already aware of the marine debris problem to understand the sources of microplastics in the oceans, from freshwater systems and wastewater treatment plants.
