Ice Microdynamics

Ice Microdynamics
Author: Pao K. Wang
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 287
Release: 2002-09-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080508448

Atmospheric ice particles play crucial roles in cloud and storm dynamics, atmospheric chemistry, climatological processes, and other atmospheric processes. Ice Microdynamics introduces the elementary physics and dynamics of atmospheric ice particles in clouds; subsequent sections explain their formation from water vapor, why ice crystal shape and concentration in cirrus clouds influence the heating of air, and describe how ice crystals cleanse the atmosphere by scavenging aerosol particles. Pao Wang's lucid writing style will appeal to atmospheric scientists, climatologists, and meteorologists with an interest in understanding the role of ice particles in the atmosphere of our planet.

Advances in Geophysics

Advances in Geophysics
Author: Renata Dmowska
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2002-07-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780120188451

Advances in Geophysics Volume 45 presents two main topics of noted interest to the geophysical community. The first topic is ice particles in the atmosphere. Mathematical descriptions of ice particle shapes, their growth rates, and their influence on cloud development are presented. The second topic is earthquakes and seismological mapping. The authors present their research involving predicting the location and intensity of earthquakes.

Dynamics of the Coupled Ice-ocean System in the Marginal Ice Zone

Dynamics of the Coupled Ice-ocean System in the Marginal Ice Zone
Author: Sirpa Häkkinen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 124
Release: 1984
Genre: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
ISBN:

This study is aimed at the modelling of mesoscale processes such as up/downwelling and ice edge eddies in the marginal ice zones. A 2-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model is used for the study. The ice model is coupled to the reduced gravity ocean model (f-plane) through interfacial stresses. The constitutive equations of the sea ice are formulated on the basis of the Reiner-Rivlin theory. The internal ice stresses are important only at high ice concentrations (90-100%), otherwise the ice motion is essentially free drift, where the air-ice stress is balanced by the ice-water stress. The model was tested by studying the upwelling dynamics. Winds parallel to the ice edge with the ice on the right produce upwelling because the air-ice momentum flux is much greater than air-ocean momentum flux, and thus the Ekman transport is bigger under the ice than in the open water. The upwelling simulation was extended to include temporally varying forcing, which was chosen to vary sinusoidally with 4 day period. This forcing resembles successive cyclone passings. In the model with thin oceanic upper layer, ice bands were formed. The up/downwelling signals do not disappear in wind reversals because of nonlinear advection. This leads to convergences and divergences in oceanic and ice velocities which manifest themselves as ice banding. At least one wind reversal is needed to produce one ice band.

Investigation of Ice Dynamics in the Marginal Ice Zone

Investigation of Ice Dynamics in the Marginal Ice Zone
Author: Matti Leppaeranta
Publisher:
Total Pages: 116
Release: 1987
Genre:
ISBN:

The dynamics of sea ice in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) are considered both from theoretical and from experimental point of view. Ice kinematics measurements were made with the Del Norte microwave trisponder system in MIZEX-83 and MIZEX-84 Greenland Sea experiments. Differential ice motion was measured with four to six stations on the ice in the scale of 2-20 km at three minute intervals. On several occasions a rapid slip occurred in measured distances. Ice velocity fluctuations were typically of the order of 1 cm/s and large deformation rates a few per cent hour. Various spectra of differential ice drift showed a moderate inertial peak and a red noise character at higher frequencies, up to about half-hour period. The maximum rate of shear was about twice as large as divergence from 12-h to about 2-h period. Analysis of current measurements beneath the drifting ice show that current variations show up highly damped in the ice. In differential motion, ice-current coherence was significant only at low frequencies (lower than one cycle per day).

Investigation of Ice Dynamics in the Marginal Zone

Investigation of Ice Dynamics in the Marginal Zone
Author: Matti Leppäranta
Publisher:
Total Pages: 212
Release: 1984
Genre: Dynamics
ISBN:

Modeling studies were carried through with three types of ice rheologies: free drift, linear viscosity, and plasticity. It is suggested that ice thickness variations may be important to the dispersion of ice edge and lead to e.g. clustering of ice floes. Analytic linear viscous solutions show that variable ice strength rather than variable forcing is likely to produce sharp changes in ice velocity near the ice edge. Steady state ideal plastic solutions give a constant ice flow under constant forcing in the MIZ. In general, ice interaction has a rectifying effect on the flow pattern. Ice kinematics measurements were made with the Del Norte microwave trisponder system in MIZEX-83 Greenland Sea experiment. Differential ice motion was measured with four stations on the ice in the scale of 5 km at three-minute intervals. On several occasions, a rapid slip occurred in measured distances. Ice velocity fluctuations were typically of the order of 1 cm/s and large deformation rates a few per cent per hour. Various spectra of differential ice drift showed a moderate inertial peak and a red noise character at higher frequencies, up to about half-hour period. The maximum rate of shear was about twice as large as divergence from 12-h to about 2-h period.

Microdynamics Simulation

Microdynamics Simulation
Author: Paul Bons
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 407
Release: 2007-10-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540447938

A complete starting package for students and researchers of the earth science community interested in numerical modeling of microstructures. This excellent book deals with the numerical simulation of such microstructures in rocks. It starts with an introduction to existing methods and techniques for optical and electron microscopic analysis. The main part of the book contains examples of numerical modeling of processes and microstructures in rocks, using the software package "ELLE".