Methodological Issues And Strategies In Clinical Research
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| Author | : Alan E. Kazdin |
| Publisher | : Amer Psychological Assn |
| Total Pages | : 913 |
| Release | : 2002-11-15 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 9781557989598 |
The third edition of this resource is intended to assist students and professionals in increasing their mastery of the range of methodological approaches available with which to examine clinical issues and phenomena. Contributors explore experimental design; the principles, procedures and practices that govern research; assessment of study constructs and their interrelationships; potential sources of artifact and bias; methods of data analysis and interpretation; ethical issues; and publication and communication of research findings. With 19 new articles and significantly revised and expanded introductory material, this edition features many scholarly contributions that explicate core concepts, survey contemporary issues, and elaborate on ethical responsibilities. Additions include articles on mediators and moderators of effects, on methods for studying the efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy, and on ways of incorporating systematic observation and evaluation into clinical practice to improve patient care.
| Author | : Alan E. Kazdin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 765 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This book provides readings designed to improve understanding of methodology and to enhance research practices in clinical psychology. The intended audience is persons who are in training or are actively involved in research. The primary focus of the readings is clinical psychology, but the issues and methods are relevant to other areas as well, such as counseling, educational and school psychology, psychiatry, and social work. /// Several readings have been included to address a broad range of practices, procedures, and strategies for developing a sound knowledge base. The goal was to select, from a large literature on methodology and design, a special set of engaging articles of use to students and professionals alike. The articles address a wide range of topics within clinical research. /// The content of this book addresses experimental design, principles, procedures, and practices that govern research, assessment, sources of artifact and bias, data analyses and interpretation, ethical issues, and publication and communication of the results of research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved).
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 63 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 221 |
| Release | : 2001-01-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309171148 |
Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
| Author | : Manfred Max Bergman |
| Publisher | : SAGE |
| Total Pages | : 202 |
| Release | : 2008-05-06 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1446241211 |
Advances in Mixed Methods Research provides an essential introduction to the fast-growing field of mixed methods research. Bergman′s book examines the current state of mixed-methods research, exploring exciting new ways of conceptualizing and conducting empirical research in the social and health sciences. Contributions from the world′s leading experts in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches are brought together, clearing the way for a more constructive approach to social research. These contributions cover the main practical and methodological issues and include a number of different visions of what mixed methods research is. The discussion also covers the use of mixed methods in a diverse range of fields, including sociology, education, politics, psychology, computational science and methodology. This book represents an important contribution to the ongoing debate surrounding the use of mixed methods in the social sciences and health research, and presents a convincing argument that the conventional, paradigmatic view of qualitative and quantitative research is outdated and in need of replacement. It will be essential reading for anyone actively engaged in qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research and for students of social research methods. Manfred Max Bergman is Chair of Methodology and Political Sociology at the University of Basel.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 2001-11-11 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309210011 |
Autism is a word most of us are familiar with. But do we really know what it means? Children with autism are challenged by the most essential human behaviors. They have difficulty interacting with other people-often failing to see people as people rather than simply objects in their environment. They cannot easily communicate ideas and feelings, have great trouble imagining what others think or feel, and in some cases spend their lives speechless. They frequently find it hard to make friends or even bond with family members. Their behavior can seem bizarre. Education is the primary form of treatment for this mysterious condition. This means that we place important responsibilities on schools, teachers and children's parents, as well as the other professionals who work with children with autism. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975, we accepted responsibility for educating children who face special challenges like autism. While we have since amassed a substantial body of research, researchers have not adequately communicated with one another, and their findings have not been integrated into a proven curriculum. Educating Children with Autism outlines an interdisciplinary approach to education for children with autism. The committee explores what makes education effective for the child with autism and identifies specific characteristics of programs that work. Recommendations are offered for choosing educational content and strategies, introducing interaction with other children, and other key areas. This book examines some fundamental issues, including: How children's specific diagnoses should affect educational assessment and planning How we can support the families of children with autism Features of effective instructional and comprehensive programs and strategies How we can better prepare teachers, school staffs, professionals, and parents to educate children with autism What policies at the federal, state, and local levels will best ensure appropriate education, examining strategies and resources needed to address the rights of children with autism to appropriate education. Children with autism present educators with one of their most difficult challenges. Through a comprehensive examination of the scientific knowledge underlying educational practices, programs, and strategies, Educating Children with Autism presents valuable information for parents, administrators, advocates, researchers, and policy makers.
| Author | : Leonard Jason |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 409 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 0190243651 |
The Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research is intended to aid the community-oriented researcher in learning about and applying cutting-edge quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches.
| Author | : Thomas R. Kratochwill |
| Publisher | : Applying Psychology in the Sch |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 9781433817519 |
Thanks to remarkable methodological and statistical advances in recent years, Single-Case design (SCD) research has become a viable and often essential option for researchers in applied psychology, education, and related fields. This text is a compendium of information and tools for researchers considering SCD research, a methodology in which one or several participants (or other units) comprise a systematically-controlled experimental intervention study. SCD is a highly flexible method of conducting applied intervention research where it is not feasible or practical to collect data from traditional groups of participants. Initial chapters lay out the key components of SCDs, from articulating dependent variables to documenting methods for achieving experimental control and selecting an appropriate design model. Subsequent chapters show when and how to implement SCDs in a variety of contexts and how to analyze and interpret results. Authors emphasize key design and analysis tactics, such as randomization, to help enhance the internal validity and scientific credibility of individual studies. This rich resource also includes in-depth descriptions of large-scale SCD research projects being undertaken at key institutions; practical suggestions from journal editors on how to get SCD research published; and detailed instructions for free, user-friendly, web-based randomization software.
| Author | : John T. Wixted |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 915 |
| Release | : 2004-01-16 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 0471178861 |
Now available in paperback. This revised and updated edition of the definitive resource for experimental psychology offers comprehensive coverage of the latest findings in the field, as well as the explosion of research in neuroscience. Volume Four: Methodology in Experimental Psychology, organized by topic, focuses on the comparative research methods used to measure psychological, social, behavioral, and cognitive processes in human development.
| Author | : M. N. Hegde |
| Publisher | : Plural Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 541 |
| Release | : 2019-03-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1635502004 |
This thoroughly updated fourth edition of Clinical Research in Communication Disorders: Principles and Strategies remains an instrumental resource for courses on research methods and design in communication disorders. The book is separated into three key sections: science and the scientific methods, clinical research designs, and doing, reporting, and evaluating research. Together, these sections provide thorough coverage of both the single-subject and group design strategies along with issues of measurement; philosophy of science; ethics of research; and planning, conducting, and reporting research. Instructors and students in communication sciences and disorders will appreciate the text's comprehensive coverage of scientific methods, group and single-subject research designs, report writing, and ethics of research in a single source. New to the Fourth EditionNew coauthor, Anthony P. Salvatore, PhDA new chapter on statistical analysis of research data, including several statistical techniques for single-subject research data, meta-analysis of both group and single-subject studiesUpdated criteria for visual analysis of single-subject research dataNew sections on translational research, qualitative research, and mixed methods researchDescriptions of additional research designs not included in the previous edition (e.g., the regression discontinuity design)Updated information on research ethics and review of fraudulent biomedical researchWeb-based sources that monitor research fraud and recalled studiesUpdated and expanded references throughoutKey FeaturesChapter outlines open each chapter and provide a summary of the key topicsChapter summaries recap key points in an easy-to-read bulleted formatEnd-of-chapter study guides allow readers to test their knowledgeBolded key terms throughoutDisclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.
