Metabolic Thermoregulatory And Psychophysiological Resposes To Heat Stress During Exercise In Highly Trained Athletes Of Different Ages
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Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise
| Author | : Julien D. Périard |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 296 |
| Release | : 2019-03-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319935151 |
The book is designed to provide a flowing description of the physiology of heat stress, the illnesses associated with heat exposure, recommendations on optimising health and performance, and an examination of Olympic sports played in potentially hot environmental conditions. In the first section the book examines how heat stress effects performance by outlining the basics of thermoregulation and how these responses impact on cardiovascular, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle function. It also outlines the pathophysiology and treatment of exertional heat illness, as well as the role of hydration status during exercise in the heat. Thereafter, countermeasures (e.g. cooling and heat acclimation) are covered and an explanation as to how they may aid in decreasing the incidence of heat illness and minimise the impairment in performance is provided. A novel and particular feature of the book is its inclusion of sport-specific chapters in which the influence of heat stress on performance and health is described, as well as strategies and policies adopted by the governing bodies in trying to offset the deleterious role of thermal strain. Given the breadth and scope of the sections, the book will be a reference guide for clinicians, practitioners, coaches, athletes, researchers, and students.
Thermoregulation and Human Performance
| Author | : Frank E. Marino |
| Publisher | : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 145 |
| Release | : 2008-01-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3805586485 |
Over the last decades, our understanding of the relationship between thermoregulation, performance and fatigue has changed dramatically. New advances in technology and methodology permitted the study of rising and decreasing body temperature on metabolism and provided insights into the role the nervous system plays in determining human performance under thermally stressful situations. Further analysis of previous research has been necessary in addition to considering theories derived from complimentary areas of research such as evolutionary biology, anthropology and cellular and molecular biology. This publication provides different interpretations of recent research for a better understanding of the limitations of thermoregulation. In particular, it presents evidence for the human's ability to anticipate thermal limits and adjust their performance accordingly so that cellular homeostasis is preserved. Further, the book is featuring the inclusion of the effect of reduced body temperature on muscular performance and endurance which today is a popular method for providing avenues of reduced thermal strain and recovery from exercise. This publication will be an essential read for those working in thermal medicine, exercise physiology and human performance.
Thermoregulatory Competence During Exercise Transients in a Group of Heat-Acclimated Young and Middle-Aged Men is Influenced More Distinctly by Maxima Aerobic Power Than Age
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 7 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
A fundamental change that occurs with advancing age is a diminishing maximal aerobic power (VO2 max). In sedentary individuals the rate of decline in VO2 max as a function of age is estimated at 10% per ten years after age 20 but becomes more gradual in endurance-trained individuals regardless of gender, approaching about 5% with each ten year span. It is thought that reduced sweating and vasomotor responses to heat stress indicate deterioration in thermoregulatory function. A scrutiny of thermoregulatory mechanisms in the aging process is necessary because other quantitative studies of actual efferent thermoregulatory drive point to a maintenance of thermoregulatory competence well into the sixth decade of life provided a level of aerobic fitness is sustained. Pandolf et al studied a group of nine young and nine middle-aged men having parallel body weights, skin surface areas, percent body fat and maximal aerobic power. These groups displayed almost equivalent thermoregulatory responses to comparable exercise and heat stress conditions following 10-days of heat acclimation. The present paper is an examination of the above study's thermoregulatory responses during exercise transients. Transient analysis to specific exercise/ heat stress provocation provides a clearer understanding of the influence of age and aerobic fitness on thermoregulatory control of sweating than steady-state analysis. Keywords: Ageing; Body temperature control; Exercise physiology.
Physiological Systems and Their Responses to Conditions of Heat and Cold
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 29 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Individuals exercise and work in a wide range of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, sun, wind, rain, other water) Depending upon the environmental conditions, metabolic rate, and clothing, exercise can accentuate either heat gain or heat loss, causing body temperature to rise or fall. Humans normally regulate body (core) temperatures near 37 degrees C and fluctuations within the narrow range of 35 to 41 degrees C can degrade exercise performance. Fluctuations outside that range can be lethal. Therefore, heat or cold stress can have profound effects on exercise capability as well as morbidity and mortality. In this chapter the term exercise refers to dynamic exercise, and training refers to repeated days of exercise in a specific modality. Throughout this chapter, stress refers to environmental exercise conditions tending to influence the body's heat content and strain refers to physiological consequences of stress. The magnitude of stress and the resulting strain depends upon the complex interaction of environmental factors (e.g. ambient conditions, clothing), the individual's biological characteristics (e.g., acclimatization status, body size) and exercise task (e.g., metabolic rate, duration). Acclimatization refers to adaptations to both natural (acclimatization) and artificial (acclimation) environmental conditions. This chapter examines the effects of both heat stress and cold stress on physiological responses and exercise capabilities. Human thermoregulation during exercise is addressed, but more detailed reviews on human thermoregulation during environmental stress can be found elsewhere. This chapter includes information on pathogenesis of exertional heat illness and exertional hypothermia, since exercise can increase morbidity and mortality from thermal injury. In this chapter, the focus is on acute and chronic (acclimatization) environmental exposure.
Physiologic and Pathologic Responses to Heat Stress
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The most important responses in humans for removing heat from the body are sweating, which increases heat loss by evaporation, and cutaneous vasodilation, which increases skin blood flow and heat transfer from core to skin. Intense exercise can increase heat production within the body ten-fold or more. For the first few minutes of exercise, most of the heat produced is retained within the body, raising core temperature until it elicits heat-dissipating responses sufficient to eliminate heat as fast as it is produced. Because of the levels of skin blood flow needed for high rates of heat dissipation in a hot environment exercise and heat dissipation make competing demands on the cardiovascular system. In addition, if water and electrolytes lost as sweat are not replaced, plasma volume eventually is depleted, thus reducing central blood volume and impairing cardiac filling. Through these mechanisms, secondary effects of the thermoregulatory responses contribute to many of the adverse effects of heat stress, though other mechanisms related to high core temperature also have a role, especially in heat stroke. Heat tolerance is increased by aerobic exercise conditioning and by acclimatization to heat. Conversely, poor physical fitness and certain disease states and drugs are associated with impairment of the thermoregulatory responses. The foregoing factors account for most of the inter-individual differences in heat tolerance associated with gender and age.
Physical Fitness/sports Medicine
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 618 |
| Release | : 1980 |
| Genre | : Exercise |
| ISBN | : |
Consists of citations selected from those contained in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System.
Marathon Running: Physiology, Psychology, Nutrition and Training Aspects
| Author | : Christoph Zinner |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 2016-03-19 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319297287 |
The book contains recent research about physiology, psychology, nutrition and training aspects of Marathon Running of different age, gender and performance level. The basic knowledge of marathon running with explanations of the physiological and psychological mechanisms induced by marathon training with the associated adaptations and subsequent improved physiological capacities are presented in a reader friendly format for researchers and practitioners. The book includes a full range of useful practical knowledge, as well as trainings principles to guide the reader to run marathon faster. After reading the book the reader is able to develop training plans and owns the knowledge about up-to-date scientific results in the fields of physiology, psychology, nutrition in marathon running.
