From the end of World War II to the 1970s, neo-Nazis and other fascist groups relied heavily on rituals and symbols borrowed from the Third Reich. Goodrick-Clarke argues that in response to an ascendant globalization and neo-liberalism, European and American neo-Nazi ideology significantly changed in character, finding inspiration in Aryan cults, aristocratic paganism, anti-Semitic demonology, Eastern religion, and the occult, resulting in a new quasi-mysticism typified by the use of the symbol of the Black Sun as a mystical source of energy capable of regenerating the so-called "Aryan" race. He explores the growth and development of the religious ideology of the movement focusing on such neo-Nazi philosophers as Wilhelm Landig, the popularizer of new volkisch movements; Julio Evola, who incorporates Hindu caste hierarchy ideas into his doctrine of a Gnostic-Manichaean "Esoteric Hitlerism"; theorists of Nazi- Satanism; and a number of others. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR