Membrane Based Salinity Gradient Processes For Water Treatment And Power Generation
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| Author | : Sarper Sarp |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 374 |
| Release | : 2018-07-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0444639624 |
Membrane-Based Salinity Gradient Processes for Water Treatment and Power Generation focuses on the various types of membrane- based salinity gradient processes that can be applied for desalination. Topics cover salinity gradient processes for desalination, such as Forward Osmosis (FO) and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO), with chapters selected exclusively from a number of world-leading experts in various disciplines and from different continents. Sections include discussions on the theoretical and fundamental approaches to salinity gradient processes, various types of membrane materials and development, i.e., flat sheet and hollow fiber, various salinity water sources for an economically feasible process, and large-scale applications. Finally, the book focuses on economically feasible process optimization when both operational and capital costs are considered. Features specific details on salinity gradient techniques for various desalination applications of industrial and academic interest Contains unique discussions on membrane development and process optimization that normally only appear briefly in research articles Includes examples of internationally best practices for the evaluation of several system parameters, including thermodynamic optimization, high power density membrane development, and more Discusses large-scale applications and provides examples of such implementations, such as Statkraft, Japanese Megaton, and Korean GMVP
| Author | : Yoram Cohen |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 652 |
| Release | : 2021-06-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9811226997 |
The book presents chapters from world leaders on water desalination advances with respect to processes, separations materials, and energy and environmental considerations. It provides a balanced discussion of the mature and newer desalination technologies and provides a fundamental assessment of the potential of emerging approaches. Realistic assessments for the feasibility of energy extraction from salinity gradients, desalting high salinity source water, membrane distillation, capacitive deionization, are among the topics discussed. Also, among the topics discussed in the book are recent advances in the desalination application of nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and surface structuring of membranes.
| Author | : Andrea Cipollina |
| Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 363 |
| Release | : 2016-03-01 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0081003234 |
Salinity gradient energy, also known as blue energy and osmotic energy, is the energy obtainable from the difference in salt concentration between two feed solutions, typically sea water and river water. It is a large-scale renewable resource that can be harvested and converted to electricity. Efficient extraction of this energy is not straightforward, however. Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients provides a comprehensive review of resources, technologies and applications in this area of fast-growing interest. Key technologies covered include pressure retarded osmosis, reverse electrodialysis and accumulator mixing. Environmental and economic aspects are also considered, together with the possible synergies between desalination and salinity gradient energy technologies. Sustainable Energy from Salinity Gradients is an essential text for R&D professionals in the energy & water industry interested in salinity gradient power and researchers in academia from post-graduate level upwards. For more than ten years the Editors have been sharing substantial research activities in the fields of renewable energy and desalination, successfully participating to a number of European Union research projects and contributing to the relevant scientific literature with more than 100 papers and 2 books on Desalination technologies and their coupling with Renewable Energy. They are intensely working in the field of Salinity Gradient Power, carrying out research with specific focus o.n open-loop and closed-loop reverse electrodialysis and pressure retarded osmosis. Covers applications of pressure retarded osmosis, reverse electrodialysis, and capacitive mixing for salinity gradient power in one convenient volume Presents the environmental aspects and economics of salinity gradient energy Explores possible synergies between desalination and salinity gradient energy
| Author | : Elham Abbasi-Garravand |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 176 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
As the population increases, the demand for electricity has also increased. Most of the required electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels at power stations all over the world which has dangerous influences on climate. Therefore, it is important to produce new renewable and maintainable energy sources to decrease the use of fossil fuels. Osmotic power is a renewable source of energy that is generated by using salt and fresh waters. Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a membrane based technology that can produce osmotic power. One of the main challenges for generating osmotic power by using PRO technology is the membrane fouling which reduces the permeate flux and consequently increases the cost and decreases the osmotic power generation. In this research, various pretreatment methods such as different types of ultrafiltration systems and a sand filter were used for removing total organic carbon (TOC), turbidity, and hardness from raw water. Moreover, different feed waters with various qualities were used to investigate the effect of fouling on a commercial membrane in PRO mode in continuous conditions. In addition, two physical and chemical cleaning methods were used to investigate and determine the desirable cleaning methods in PRO processes in order to control and reduce the membrane fouling. Most of the tests were performed at LTE Hydro Québec located at Shawinigan and the rest were performed at Concordia University. Based on the results, highest removal efficiency of turbidity occurred at 3.72 NTU and was 100% and 68.6% for ultrafiltration and the multimedia sand filter, respectively. Maximum TOC removal in ultrafiltration multimedia sand filter was 41% and 1.5% at 6.62 mg/L TOC initial concentration respectively. According to the results, the fouling rate when the draw solution was synthetic salt water followed the order of: untreated river water > multimedia sand filter > microfiltration > ultrafiltration effluents. It was observed that complete blocking, cake filtration and cake enhanced osmotic pressure were the main fouling mechanisms that governed the membrane fouling. The main inorganic foulants using synthetic salt water were iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and silica and when sea water was used as the draw solution, iron, aluminum, silica, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium were detected as inorganic foulants. The organic foulants were humic substances, polysaccharides and proteins from use of both synthetic salt water and sea water as draw solutions. The successful cleaning method was chemical cleaning using a combination of acidic and basic cleaners. This research indicates that using appropriate pretreatment and membrane cleaning methods can decrease the membrane fouling in PRO processes and consequently can improve the osmotic power generation.
| Author | : Khaled Touati |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 190 |
| Release | : 2017-05-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 012812315X |
Pressure Retarded Osmosis: Renewable Energy Generation and Recovery offers the first comprehensive resource on this method of generating renewable energy. Dr. Khaled Touati and the team of editors combine their expertise with contributions from other leaders in the field to create this well-rounded resource, which discusses and analyses this novel method of creating a controllable renewable energy. The promises of the PRO technique are first clearly presented and explained, and the authors then provide a comprehensive analysis of the issues that remain such as Concentration Polarization, Membrane Deformation, and Reverse Salt Diffusion. Possible solutions to these issues which often restrict industrial implementation are then discussed to mitigate these detrimental effects, and there is also an emphasis on the recovery of energy from desalination processes using PRO, which is able to reduce energy consumption and make it more economically and environmentally efficient. Combines research with experience to deliver a complete resource on Pressure Retarded Osmosis Discusses all areas of PRO in detail Offers solutions to problems commonly experienced and summarizes each method with a clear and concise conclusion Includes case studies from the Great Salt Lake (U.S.A) and Dead Sea (Asia), as well as other rivers from America, Europe, and Asia
| Author | : Amira Abdelrasoul |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 2020-03-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1789848067 |
Membrane technologies are currently the most effective and sustainable methods utilized in diversified water filtration, wastewater treatment, as well as industrial and sustainable energy applications. This book covers essential subsections of membrane separation and bioseparation processes from the perspectives of technical innovation, novelty, and sustainability. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the latest improvements and concerns with respect to membrane fouling remediation techniques, issues of bioincompatibility for biomedical applications, and various subareas of membrane separation processes, which will be an efficient resource for engineers.
| Author | : Wei-Hsin Chen |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 428 |
| Release | : 2020-05-23 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3039289098 |
Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production.
| Author | : Adolfo Iulianelli |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 579 |
| Release | : 2022-04-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0323885527 |
Membrane Engineering in the Circular Economy: Renewable Sources Valorization in Energy and Downstream Processing in Agro-food Industry describes the modification of the general concept of "waste," including waste valorization as added-value products that are useful for energy production and biotechnology industries. Speaking to the relevance of this new vision, the book highlights the fundamentals of membrane operations in the exploitation of renewable sources for energy production and the valorization of agro-food waste at the industrial level. This book is an excellent resource for researchers, biologists, membranologists and engineers in chemistry, biochemical engineering, food sciences and the agro-food refinery industry. Discusses membrane engineering for agro-food wastes' transformation into added-value products Presents circular and zero-waste economy principles pursued by membrane technology and applied to the agro-food industry Includes potentialities of agro-food wastes for renewable and energy production via membrane operations
| Author | : Luigi Gurreri |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2021-09-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3036515305 |
Electromembrane processes offer a multitude of applications, allowing for the recovery of water, other products, and energy. This book is a collection of contributions on recent advancements in electromembrane processes attained via experiments and/or models. The first paper is a comprehensive review article on the applications of electrodialysis for wastewater treatment, highlighting current status, technical challenges, and key points for future perspectives. The second paper focuses on ZSM-5 zeolite/PVA mixed matrix CEMs with high monovalent permselectivity for recovering either acid or Li+. The third paper regards direct numerical simulations of electroconvection in an electrodialysis dilute channel with forced flow under potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic regimes. The fourth paper investigates the reasons for the formation and properties of soliton-like charge waves in overlimiting conditions. The fifth paper focuses on the characterization of AEMs functionalized by surface modification via poly(acrylic) acid yielding monovalent permselectivity for reverse electrodialysis. In the sixth paper, CFD simulations of reverse electrodialysis systems are performed. The seventh paper proposes an integrated membrane process, including electrochemical intercalation–deintercalation, for the preparation of Li2CO3 from brine with a high Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio. Finally, the eighth paper is a perspective article devoted to the acid–base flow battery with monopolar and bipolar membranes.
| Author | : Swapnali Hazarika |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 291 |
| Release | : 2024-07-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1040049125 |
This book focuses on the advantageous features of membrane technology in petroleum industries, with an emphasis on membrane materials and the application of membranes in the separation of olefin–paraffin, oil–water, aliphatic–aromatics, heavy metals, etc., along with other applications like waste management, sulphur emission, enhanced oil recovery and so forth. It also discusses the design and development of membranes from novel materials, the challenges of new materials for membrane applications, membrane-based processes and the application of novel membrane-based processes in the petroleum industry. Features: Addresses the fundamental applications of membranes in petroleum industrial separation processes Highlights the role of membrane technology in waste management in petroleum industries Includes novel engineered membrane materials Discusses methods of extracting valuable substances from produced water and membrane fouling control Emphasises solving industrial problems pertinent to membrane usage This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical and petroleum engineering and membrane technology.
