Mechanical Loading Of Bones And Joints
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| Author | : Hideaki E. Takahashi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 314 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 4431658920 |
Bones and joints are always under mechanical loading a key concept in understanding bone metabolism. Among the most common diseases of bones and joints in the elderly are osteoporosis and joint osteoarthritis. Dynamic changes in mechanical loading give rise to problems resulting in stenosis of the spinal column at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels. Mechanical loading also accelerates joint destruction caused by inflammation from such conditions as chronic rheumatoid arthritis. An understanding of mechanical loading is essential therefore to clinicians, basic researchers, and engineers working with bones and joints. Providing up-to-date research and clinical findings, the contents of this volume are from the papers, symposia, and special lectures presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association in Niigata, in October 1997.
| Author | : Hideaki E Takahashi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 344 |
| Release | : 1999-06-01 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9784431658931 |
| Author | : Jonathan H. Tobias |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 101 |
| Release | : 2016-01-20 |
| Genre | : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology |
| ISBN | : 2889197514 |
This research topic is focused on recent advances in our understanding of effects of mechanical loading on the skeleton, and research methods used in addressing these. Though it is well established that mechanical loading provides an essential stimulus for skeletal growth and maintenance, there have been major advances recently in terms of our understanding of the molecular pathways involved, which are thought to provide novel drug targets for treating osteoporosis. The articles included in this topic encompass the full spectrum of laboratory and clinical research, and range from review articles, editorials, hypothesis papers and original research articles. Together, they demonstrate how mechanical loading underpins many aspects of bone biology, including the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis and other clinical disorders associated with skeletal fragility.
| Author | : Todd Randall Dodge |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 170 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Biomechanics |
| ISBN | : |
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly remodeling to repair damage and strengthen regions exposed to loads during everyday activities. However, certain conditions, including long-term unloading of the skeleton, hormonal imbalances, and aging can disrupt the normal bone remodeling cycle and lead to low bone mass and osteoporosis, increasing risk of fracture. While numerous treatments for low bone mass have been devised, dynamic mechanical loading modalities, such as axial loading of long bones and lateral loading of joints, have recently been examined as potential methods of stimulating bone formation. The effectiveness of mechanical loading in strengthening bone is dependent both on the structural and geometric characteristics of the bone and the properties of the applied load. For instance, curvature in the structure of a bone causes bending and increased strain in response to an axial load, which may contribute to increased bone formation. In addition, frequency of the applied load has been determined to impact the degree of new bone formation; however, the mechanism behind this relationship remains unknown. In this thesis, the application of mechanical loading to treat osteoporotic conditions is examined and two questions are addressed: What role does the structural geometry of bone play in the mechanical damping of forces applied during loading? Does mechanical resonance enhance geometric effects, leading to localized areas of elevated bone formation dependent on loading frequency? Curvature in the structure of bone was hypothesized to enhance its damping ability and lead to increased bone formation through bending. In addition, loading at frequencies near the resonant frequencies of bone was predicted to cause increased bone formation, specifically in areas that experienced high principal strains due to localized displacements during resonant vibration. To test the hypothesis, mechanical loading experiments and simulations using finite element (FE) analysis were conducted to characterize the dynamic properties of bone. Results demonstrate that while surrounding joints contribute to the greatest portion of the damping capacity of the lower limb, bone absorbs a significant amount of energy through curvature-driven bending. In addition, results show that enhanced mechanical responses at loading frequencies near the resonant frequencies of bone may lead to increased bone formation in areas that experience the greatest principal strain during vibration. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of mechanical loading in preventing costly osteoporotic fractures, and explore characteristics of bone that may lead to optimization of mechanical loading techniques. Further investigation of biomechanical properties of bone may lead to the prescribing of personalized mechanical loading treatments to treat osteoporotic diseases.
| Author | : R. Bruce Martin |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 414 |
| Release | : 1998-10-09 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780387984742 |
Knowledge of the mechanical properties of the skeletal system is important to understanding how our body works and how to repair it when it is damaged. This text describes the biomechanics of bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments. It does not require mathematics beyond calculus or neglecting the biological properties of skeletal tissue.
| Author | : United States Public Health Service |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2004-12 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 9781410219275 |
This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 510 |
| Release | : 2001-05-24 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0309132991 |
Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
| Author | : John D. Currey |
| Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
| Total Pages | : 460 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780691090962 |
"This is a highly readable book with excellent illustrations. It will be required reading for all those interested in the mechanical testing of mineralized tissues or in a biological understanding of bone adaptation to mechanical loading. The author's evaluations of the topics that form the leading edge of bone research are remarkably thoughtful, well reasoned, and nicely documented."--Steve Cowin, City University of New York "Written by a highly respected biologist, this work is unique in that it integrates a comprehensive treatment of skeletal biology at the tissue and organismal levels with principles of evolutionary biology, zoology, and animal locomotion. It is written in a uniquely interesting way that is understandable to both experts and relative novices in the field."--David D. Burr, Indiana University School of Medicine
| Author | : Stephen C. Cowin |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : |
This informative volume summarizes what is known about bone mechanics. It describes the methods used to acquire that knowledge and suggests the nature of future research on this topic. This easy-to-read book keeps mathematical notation simple and minimal and presents data in summary form. Bone Mechanics is concerned with the mechanical behavior and functional stress adaptation of whole bones as structural elements, the mechanical behavior and functional adaptation of bone tissue as material, and the physiological significance of the mechanical properties of bone and the biological response of bone to applied stress. Orthopaedic surgeons, dentists, anatomists, biologists, biomedical engineers and physiologists are among those who will find this volume to be of interest.
| Author | : Paul Brinckmann |
| Publisher | : Thieme |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781588900807 |
Orthopedic Biomechanics sheds light on an important and interesting discipline at the interface between medical and natural sciences. Understanding the effects of mechanical influences on the human body is the first step toward developing innovative treatment and rehabilitation concepts for orthopedic disorders. This book provides valuable information on the forces acting on muscles, tendons, and bones. Beginning with the step-by-step fundamentals of physics and mechanics, it goes on to cover the function and loading of joints, movement in two- and three-dimensions, and the properties of biological tissues. This book explains the practical importance of biomechanics, including special chapters addressing the mechanical causes of disk prolapse, load on the spine in sitting and standing positions, and the correlation between mechanical loading and bone density. Key Features: Limited use of complex vector equations while providing in-depth treatment analysis Exquisitely illustrated, detailed descriptions of the mechanical aspects of every major joint in the body: hip, shoulder, knee, and lumbar spine Extensive references for further information Valuable appendixes describing the interaction between mechanical and biological functions as well as mathematical tools necessary to understand technically demanding concepts This book also analyzes techniques for changing the effects on bones and joints through therapy, training, external aids, modified behavior, and ergonomic improvements. An essential resource for orthopedists and physical therapists alike, it will help you understand past and current scientific work in the field and how to apply state-of-the-art solutions to the problems you'll encounter on a daily basis.
