Measurement Of Temperature Distribution Based On Optical Fiber Sensing Technology And Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
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Author | : Peng-Shuai Sun |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : Technology |
ISBN | : |
Temperature is an important physical quantity in most industrial processes. Distributed temperature sensor (DTS), fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) are three primary techniques for temperature measurement using fiber optic sensing and spectrum technology. The DTS system can monitor space temperature field along the fiber in real time. In addition, it also can locate a fire source using two sections of optical fibers which are placed orthogonally to each other. The FBG temperature sensor is used to measure the point temperature. The temperature sensitivity of the bare FBG is 10.68 pm/°C and the linearity is 0.99954 in the range of 30-100°C. Based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), two-dimensional (2D) distribution reconstructions of gas temperature are realized using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). The results are in agreement with the simulation results, and the time resolution is less than 1 s.
Author | : Ivanka Stanimirović |
Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
Total Pages | : 100 |
Release | : 2018-07-25 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 1789235022 |
Temperature is the most often-measured environmental quantity and scientists are continuously improving ways of sensing it. To present their work in the field of temperature sensing, researchers from distant parts of the world have joined their efforts and contributed their ideas according to their interest and engagement. Their articles will give you the opportunity to understand concepts and uses of fiber-optic sensing technology. The optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for temperature sensing is presented, as well as the optical fiber-distributed temperature sensor and fiber Bragg grating-based sensor. You can learn about tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and its various industrial applications. Last but not least, cutting temperature measurements during the machining of aluminum alloys provides us with an insight into the correlation between cutting conditions, mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy, and the cutting temperature measured using the tool-workpiece thermocouple system. The editors hope that the presented contributions will allow both professionals and readers not involved in the immediate field to understand and enjoy the topic.
Author | : David Viveros Salazar |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
A comparison of scanned-DAS and scanned-WMS was completed within the context of a biomass gasification pilot scale facility, while scanned-DAS was implemented and optimized to increase sensing capabilities in the mixing volume (MV) of the 60 MW Interaction Heating Facility (IHF) at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). In the biomass gasification study, a demonstration of in situ laser-absorption-based sensing of H2O, CH4, CO2, and CO mole fraction is reported for the product gas line of a biomass gasifier. Field measurements were demonstrated in a pilot scale biomass gasifier at WestBiofuels in Woodland, California. The performance of a prototype sensor was compared for the two sensing strategies, scanned-DAS and scanned-WMS. The lasers used had markedly different wavelength tuning response to injection current, which led to establishing guidelines for laser selection for sensor fabrication. The complications of using normalized WMS for relatively large values of absorbance and its mitigation are discussed. The laser absorption sensor provided measurements with the sub-second time resolution needed for gasifier control and more importantly provided precise measurements of H2O in the gasification products, which can be problematic for the typical gas chromatography sensors used by industry. The IHF at NASA ARC is a critical facility used to study and characterize thermal protection systems (TPS) of reentry spacecraft. The IHF generates an electrical arc to energize room temperature air, which is then forced through a converging-diverging nozzle. Material and model test pieces are then subjected to the stagnation environment of the flow stream. The efforts at ARC focused on characterizing the mixing of add-air in the MV of the IHF. Conditions in the IHF, in the mixing volume (MV) where this study focused its optical measurements, range from 5,000 to 7,000 K and 1 to 9 atm. Path-average line-of-sight measurements of temperature and enthalpy were inferred using an electronic atomic oxygen transition near 777 nm. The scanned-DAS sensor was optimized to capture high add-air and high-pressure conditions that previously had not been measurable. Optimization of the sensor allowed for fully resolved absorbance profile measurements at the maximum pressure test condition in the IHF MV. Enhanced sensor capabilities confirmed uniform flow and flat temperature immediately upstream of the arcjet's converging-diverging nozzle inlet. Less uniform and parabolic temperature profiles were observed immediately downstream of add-air injection. This arcjet facility implements injection of room temperature air, i.e. add-air, to tune the bulk and centerline enthalpy generated at the nozzle exit. Centerline temperatures at an axial location downstream of add-air injection confirmed the need for mixing beyond the MV entrance. Enthalpy measurements ranged from 16 to 27 MJ/kg and are in agreement with the IHF's current enthalpy measurement methods. This confirmed the observed reduction in achievable enthalpy after installation of the MV. Centerline measurements quantified the mixing process for various add-air conditions indicating an opportunity for enthalpy recapture. Axial locations of sufficient mixing were identified and provide a potential for reduction of the MV length and thus improved facility performance. Optimization of this sensor will enable future use by non-experts to provide critical data on the arcjet environment in the IHF, thereby enhancing arcjet test results and leading to greater reliability of spacecraft TPS designs.
Author | : Glenn Beheim |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 394 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : George Stewart |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 2021-04-08 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 131680562X |
An invaluable text for the teaching, design, and development of gas sensor technology. This excellent resource synthesizes the fundamental principles of spectroscopy, laser physics, and photonics technology and engineering to enable the reader to fully understand the key issues and apply them in the design of optical gas absorption sensors. It provides a straightforward introduction to low-cost and highly versatile near-IR systems, as well as an extensive review of mid-IR systems. Fibre laser systems for spectroscopy are also examined in detail, especially the emerging technique of frequency comb spectroscopy. Featuring many examples of real-world application and performance, as well as MATLAB computer programs for modeling and simulation, this exceptional work is ideal for postgraduate students, researchers, and professional engineers seeking to gain an in-depth understanding of the principles and applications of fibre-optic and laser-based gas sensors.
Author | : Regis J. Van Steenkiste |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 336 |
Release | : 1996-12-02 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 9781566764803 |
FROM THE AUTHORS' PREFACE Sensors operating on interferometric principles and mounted inside optical fibers have recently been considered for measuring strain and temperature. Indeed, such sensors have successfully been employed for measuring pressure or temperature in fluids. Fiber optics sensors are especially adept for such measurements because sensors immersed in fluids can easily be calibrated by tests. Unfortunately, the use of fiber optic sensors inside solids is not as straightforward. Owing to the complex interactions between the sensor and the surrounding material, the relationship between the sensor output and the parameters of interest, namely the strain and temperature inside the material, cannot be determined by simple tests. And without the appropriate relationships, fiber optic sensors do not provide meaningful information. In general, the relationship providing the bridge between the sensor output and the engineering values of strain and temperature must be established via analytical models. The major aim of this book is to present such models for extrinsic and intrinsic Fabry-Perot sensors and for Bragg grating sensors embedded in or mounted on the surface of isotropic or anisotropic solids or immersed in fluids. The scope of the book is limited to the theory of fiber optic strain and temperature sensors. Accordingly, we have taken as our starting point the demodulated sensor signals. The hardware needed to produce these signals is not discussed. It is presumed that the reader is familiar with and has access to the sensor, light source, light detector and demodulator required for generating signals which can then be analyzed and interpreted by the methods presented in the book. The problem necessitates complex analytical developments. To assist the reader, the significant results are summarized in tables, and numerical examples are given illustrating the calculation procedures.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
A temperature probe and a method for using said probe for temperature measurements based on changes in light absorption by the probe. The probe comprises a first and a second optical fiber that carry light to and from the probe, and a temperature sensor material, the absorbance of which changes with temperature, through which the light is directed. Light is directed through the first optical fiber, passes through the temperature sensor material, and is transmitted by a second optical fiber from the material to a detector. Temperature-dependent and temperature-independent factors are derived from measurements of the transmitted light intensity. For each sensor material, the temperature T is a function of the ratio, R, of these factors. The temperature function f(R) is found by applying standard data analysis techniques to plots of T versus R at a series of known temperatures. For a sensor having a known temperature function f(R) and known characteristic and temperature-dependent factors, the temperature can be computed from a measurement of R. Suitable sensor materials include neodymium-doped boresilicate glass, accurate to .+-.0.5.degree. C. over an operating temperature range of about -196.degree. C. to 400.degree. C.; and a mixture of D.sub. 2 O and H.sub. 2 O, accurate to .+-.0.1.degree. C. over an operating range of about 5.degree. C. to 90.degree. C.
Author | : Alan Fried |
Publisher | : SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering |
Total Pages | : 276 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Wai Lok Woo |
Publisher | : MDPI |
Total Pages | : 418 |
Release | : 2020-12-29 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3039282700 |
In the current age of information explosion, newly invented technological sensors and software are now tightly integrated with our everyday lives. Many sensor processing algorithms have incorporated some forms of computational intelligence as part of their core framework in problem solving. These algorithms have the capacity to generalize and discover knowledge for themselves and learn new information whenever unseen data are captured. The primary aim of sensor processing is to develop techniques to interpret, understand, and act on information contained in the data. The interest of this book is in developing intelligent signal processing in order to pave the way for smart sensors. This involves mathematical advancement of nonlinear signal processing theory and its applications that extend far beyond traditional techniques. It bridges the boundary between theory and application, developing novel theoretically inspired methodologies targeting both longstanding and emergent signal processing applications. The topic ranges from phishing detection to integration of terrestrial laser scanning, and from fault diagnosis to bio-inspiring filtering. The book will appeal to established practitioners, along with researchers and students in the emerging field of smart sensors processing.
Author | : Laura A. Kranendonk |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 212 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |