Inelastic Analysis of Structures under Variable Loads

Inelastic Analysis of Structures under Variable Loads
Author: Dieter Weichert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9401094217

The question whether a structure or a machine component can carry the applied loads, and with which margin of safety, or whether it will become unserviceable due to collapse or excessive inelastic deformations, has always been a major concern for civil and mechanical engineers. The development of methods to answer this technologically crucial question without analysing the evolution of the system under varying loads, has a long tradition that can be traced back even to the times of emerging mechanical sciences in the early 17th century. However, the scientific foundations of the theories underlying these methods, nowadays frequently called "direct", were established sporadically in the Thirties of the 20th century and systematically and rigorously in the Fifties. Further motivations for the development of direct analysis techniques in applied mechanics of solids and structures arise from the circumstance that in many engineering situations the external actions fluctuate according to time histories not a priori known except for some essential features, e.g. variation intervals. In such situations the critical events (or "limit states") to consider, besides plastic collapse, are incremental collapse (or "ratchetting") and alternating plastic yielding, namely lack of "shakedown". Non evolutionary, direct methods for ultimate limit state analysis of structures subjected to variably-repeated external actions are the objectives of most papers collected in this book, which also contains a few contributions on related topics.

Lectures on differential calculus of functions of one variable

Lectures on differential calculus of functions of one variable
Author: Михаил Абрамян
Publisher: Litres
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2022-01-29
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 504337120X

The textbook contains lecture material for the first semester of the course on mathematical analysis and includes the following topics: the limit of a sequence, the limit of a function, continuous functions, differentiable functions (up to Taylor's formula, L'Hospital's rule, and the study of functions by differential calculus methods). A useful feature of the book is the possibility of studying the course material at the same time as viewing a set of 22 video lectures recorded by the author and available on youtube.com. Sections and subsections of the textbook are provided with information about the lecture number, the start time of the corresponding fragment and the duration of this fragment. In the electronic version of the textbook, this information is presented as hyperlinks, allowing reader to immediately view the required fragment of the lecture.The textbook is intended for students specializing in science and engineering.

Inelastic Behaviour of Structures under Variable Loads

Inelastic Behaviour of Structures under Variable Loads
Author: Zenon Mróz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 501
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9401102716

This collection of papers is a state of the art presentation of theories and methods related to the problem of the behaviour of mechanical structures under variable loads beyond their elastic limit In particular, the problems of shakedown, ratchetting, transient and asymptotic cyclic states are addressed. The volume is composed of four chapters devoted to material modelling for cyclic loading conditions; general theory of accommodated states of structures; effects of changes of the geometry on the inelastic structural response; and numerical techniques with applications to particular engineering problems. It was aimed to provide a unified approach in order to understand both inelastic material and structural response under variable loading conditions. The attempt to extend the classical shakedown theory of Melan and Koiter to geometrically non-linear problems is presented in several papers. The industrial application of cyclic plasticity to the analysis and the design of pressure bellows, compensators, turbine disks, or flange connections under thermal and pressure cycles illustrates the great potential of the numerical techniques developed for this purpose using mostly min-max approaches. The treatment of railway problems and the analysis and optimisation of pavements are further examples of important areas of applications. Emphasis was laid on approaches that take into account the fact that loading histories are often not precisely known Therefore, the center of interest lies in other than step by step calculation methods.

Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure / Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM)

Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure / Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (VP-ESEM)
Author: Debbie Stokes
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 247
Release: 2008-12-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470065400

Offers a simple starting point to VPSEM, especially for new users, technicians and students containing clear, concise explanations Crucially, the principles and applications outlined in this book are completely generic: i.e. applicable to all types of VPSEM, irrespective of manufacturer. Information presented will enable reader to turn principles into practice Published in association with the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) -www.rms.org.uk

Electricity Generation from Natural Gas - Cost Analysis - Electricity E21A

Electricity Generation from Natural Gas - Cost Analysis - Electricity E21A
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec Solutions
Total Pages: 48
Release: 2016-03-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1945324198

This report presents a cost analysis of Electricity generation from natural gas. The process examined is a conventional natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) without carbon capture and sequestration. In this process F-class combustion turbines (CT) are employed to Electricity generation. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production units; infrastructure and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Operating cost, broken down by: - Operating cash costs (variable costs, maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation - Corporate overhead costs* Key process performance parameters and labor requirements * A process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production units and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s):US Patent 8408003, issued to General Electric Company in 2013 Keywords: Conventional Natural Gas Combined Cycle, NGCC, Natural Gas Fired Power Plant, Heat Recovery Steam Generators, HRSG

Sodium Hydroxide via Membrane Process - Cost Analysis - Sodium Hydroxide E11A

Sodium Hydroxide via Membrane Process - Cost Analysis - Sodium Hydroxide E11A
Author: Intratec
Publisher: Intratec Solutions
Total Pages: 52
Release: 2016-05-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1945324899

This report presents a cost analysis of Sodium Hydroxide production from brine. The process examined is a typical membrane process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a membrane cell, producing Sodium Hydroxide and chlorine. The Sodium Hydroxide product obtained is a 50 wt% aqueous solution. Hydrogen is also generated as by-products in the process. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH