The Rand/UCLA Appropriateness Method User's Manual

The Rand/UCLA Appropriateness Method User's Manual
Author: Kathryn Fitch
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Total Pages: 109
Release: 2001
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780833029188
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Health systems should function in such a way that the amount of inappropriate care is minimized, while at the same time stinting as little as possible on appropriate and necessary care. The ability to determine and identify which care is overused and which is underused is essential to this functioning. To this end, the "RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method" was developed in the 1980s. It has been further developed and refined in North America and, increasingly, in Europe. The rationale behind the method is that randomized clinical trials--the "gold standard" for evidence-based medicine--are generally either not available or cannot provide evidence at a level of detail sufficient to apply to the wide range of patients seen in everyday clinical practice. Although robust scientific evidence about the benefits of many procedures is lacking, physicians must nonetheless make decisions every day about when to use them. Consequently, a method was developed that combined the best available scientific evidence with the collective judgment of experts to yield a statement regarding the appropriateness of performing a procedure at the level of patient-specific symptoms, medical history, and test results. This manual presents step-by-step guidelines for conceptualising, designing, and carrying out a study of the appropriateness of medical or surgical procedures (for either diagnosis or treatment) using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. The manual distills the experience of many researchers in North America and Europe and presents current (as of the year 2000) thinking on the subject. Although the manual is self-contained and complete, the authors do not recommend that those unfamiliar with the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method independently conduct an appropriateness study; instead, they suggest "seeing one" before "doing one." To this end, contact information is provided to assist potential users of the method.

Marketing Theory

Marketing Theory
Author: Shelby D. Hunt
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 512
Release: 2014-12-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317465148
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One of the true classics in Marketing is now thoroughly revised and updated. "Marketing Theory" is both evolutionary and revolutionary. As in earlier editions, Shelby Hunt focuses on the marketing discipline's multiple stakeholders. He articulates a philosophy of science-based 'tool kit' for developing and analyzing theories, law-like generalizations, and explanations in marketing science. Hunt adds a new dimension to the book, however, by developing arguments for the position that Resource-Advantage Theory provides the foundation for a general theory of marketing and a theoretical foundation for business and marketing strategy. Also new to this edition are four chapters adapted and updated from Hunt's "Controversy in Marketing Theory" that analyze the 'philosophy debates' within the field, including controversies with respect to scientific realism, qualitative methods, truth, and objectivity.

December 4, 1979

December 4, 1979
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Private Pension Plans and Employee Fringe Benefits
Publisher:
Total Pages: 512
Release: 1980
Genre: Pension trusts
ISBN:
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Human Memory

Human Memory
Author: Gabriel A. Radvansky
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 656
Release: 2017-03-13
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1134871732
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This book provides a complete survey of research and theory on human memory in three major sections. A background section covers issues of the history of memory, and basic neuroscience and methodology. A core topics section discusses sensory registers, mechanisms of forgetting, and short-term/working, nondeclarative, episodic, and semantic memory. Finally, a special topics section includes formal models of memory, memory for space and time, autobiographical memory, memory and reality, and more. Throughout, the author weaves applications from psychology, medicine, law, and education to show the usefulness of the concepts in everyday life and multiple career paths. Opportunities for students to explore the assessment of memory in laboratory-based settings are also provided. Chapters can be covered in any order, providing instructors with the utmost flexibility in course assignments, and each one includes an overview, key terms, Stop and Review synopses, Try it Out exercises, Improving Your Memory and Study in Depth boxes, study questions, and Putting It All Together and Explore More sections. This text is intended for undergraduate or graduate courses in human memory, human learning and memory, neuropsychology of memory, and seminars on topics in human memory. It can also be used for more general cognitive psychology and cognitive science courses. New to this edition: - Now in full color. - More tables, graphs, and photos to help students visualize concepts. -Improving Your Memory boxes highlight the practical aspects of memory, and Study in Depth boxes review the steps of how results were constructed. -The latest memory research on the testing effect, the influences of sleep, memory reconsolidation, childhood memory, the default mode network, neurogenesis, and more. -Greater coverage of neuroscience, fMRIs, and other recent advances such as NIRS and pupilometry. -A website at www.routledge.com/cw/radvansky with outlines, review points, chapter summaries, key terms with definitions, quizzes, and links to related websites, videos, and suggested readings for students as well as PowerPoints, multiple-choice and essay questions, discussion questions, and a conversion guide for current adopters for instructors.