Low Voltage Operational Amplifier Using Parasitic Bipolar Transistors In Cmos
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| Author | : Jaime P. Chunda |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In this research, a low voltage BiCMOS operational amplifier was built using parasitic bipolar transistors in bulk CMOS technology. Designed and analyzed using PSPICE circuit simulation software, the amplifier achieves a gain bandwidth product of 20.24 MHz with power supply voltages of +/- 2.5 V. The simulation proved that the BiCMOS amplifier will operate with power supplies as low as +/- 0.6 V. Using MAGIC VLSI software, a layout of the amplifier was made for eventual fabrication in the MOSIS 2.0 m CMOS process.
| Author | : Jaime P. Chunda |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 87 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In this research, a low voltage BiCMOS operational amplifier was built using parasitic bipolar transistors in bulk CMOS technology. Designed and analyzed using PSPICE circuit simulation software, the amplifier achieves a gain bandwidth product of 20.24 MHz with power supply voltages of +/- 2.5 V. The simulation proved that the BiCMOS amplifier will operate with power supplies as low as +/- 0.6 V. Using MAGIC VLSI software, a layout of the amplifier was made for eventual fabrication in the MOSIS 2.0 m CMOS process.
| Author | : Amir M. Sodagar |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 411 |
| Release | : 2018-10-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1420046454 |
The classical approach to analog circuit analysis is a daunting prospect to many students, requiring tedious enumeration of contributing factors and lengthy calculations. Most textbooks apply this cumbersome approach to small-signal amplifiers, which becomes even more difficult as the number of components increases. Analysis of Bipolar and CMOS Amplifiers offers students an alternative that enables quick and intuitive analysis and design: the analysis-by-inspection method. This practical and student-friendly text demonstrates how to achieve approximate results that fall within an acceptable range of accuracy and are based on sound scientific principles. Working from the basics of amplifiers and transistors to biasing, single- and multistage amplifiers, current sources and mirrors, and analysis at midband, low, and high frequencies, the author demonstrates the interrelationship between behavior in both the time and frequency domains and balances the discussion between bipolar and CMOS circuits. Each chapter closes with a set of simulation examples in SPICE and MATLAB® that give students hands-on experience applying the concepts and methods using industry-standard tools. Building a practical working knowledge around a solid theoretical framework, Analysis of Bipolar and CMOS Amplifiers prepares your students to meet the challenges of quick and accurate approximations and software-based analysis awaiting them in the workplace.
| Author | : M. Jeroen Fonderie |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 201 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 146153142X |
Design of Low-Voltage Bipolar Operational Amplifiers discusses the sub-circuits necessary to build a low-voltage operational amplifier. These include rail-to-rail input stages, rail-to-rail output stages, intermediate stages, protection circuitry and frequency compensation techniques. Of each of these, various implementations are examined. Furthermore, the book discusses realizations in silicon of the amplifiers. The design and implementation of low-voltage bipolar Operational Amplifiers (OpAmps) is fully presented. A low supply voltage is necessary because the tendency towards chip components of smaller dimensions lowers the breakdown voltage of these components. Further, a low supply voltage is favorable because it enables operation of the OpAmp from just one single battery cell. The bipolar technology is chosen, because it is more suited for operation at low-voltages than the MOS technology. The common-mode input voltage of the OpAmp must be able to have any value that fits within the supply voltage range. Input stages are discussed which are able to realize this at supply voltages down to 1.8 V, as well as down to 1 V. The output voltage of the OpAmp must be able to have any value within the supply voltage range. One of the 1 V output stages that is discussed, the multi-path driven output stage, also has a high bandwidth with a high gain. In addition to the input and output stage, the OpAmp comprises an intermediate stage, between the input stage and the output stage, to boost the overall gain of the OpAmp, and a class AB current control. A frequency compensation technique is used to split apart the pole frequencies in the transfer function. A disadvantage of this nested Miller compensation, is that the resulting bandwidth is reduced by a factor of two. A new method, multi-path-driven Miller compensation, which does not have this drawback, is therefore introduced. Several realizations are evaluated and a figure of merit is defined for the performance comparison of the OpAmps. One of the OpAmps operates at a 1 V supply, has a 3.4 MHz bandwidth with a 100 pF load and has a 700 &mgr;A supply current. The book is an excellent reference for professional designers of amplifiers and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.
| Author | : Joon Son |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 256 |
| Release | : 1995 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Klaas-Jan de Langen |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 258 |
| Release | : 2013-03-14 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1475729936 |
Compact Low-Voltage and High-Speed CMOS, BiCMOS and Bipolar Operational Amplifiers discusses the design of integrated operational amplifiers that approach the limits of low supply voltage or very high bandwidth. The resulting realizations span the whole field of applications from micro-power CMOS VLSI amplifiers to 1-GHz bipolar amplifiers. The book presents efficient circuit topologies in order to combine high performance with simple solutions. In total twelve amplifier realizations are discussed. Two bipolar amplifiers are discussed, a 1-GHz operational amplifier and an amplifier with a high ratio between the maximum output current and the quiescent current. Five amplifiers have been designed in CMOS technology, extremely compact circuits that can operate on supply voltages down to one gate-source voltage and two saturation voltages which equals about 1.4 V and, ultimate-low-voltage amplifiers that can operate on supply voltages down to one gate-source voltage and one saturation voltage which amounts to about 1.2 V. In BiCMOS technology five amplifiers have been designed. The first two amplifiers are based on a compact topology. Two other amplifiers are designed to operate on low supply voltages down to 1.3 V. The final amplifier has a unity-gain frequency of 200 MHz and can operate down to 2.5 V. Compact Low-Voltage and High-Speed CMOS, BiCMOS and Bipolar Operational Amplifiers is intended for the professional analog designer. Also, it is suitable as a text book for advanced courses in amplifier design.
| Author | : Klaas-Jan de Langen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary |
| ISBN | : 9789040718465 |
| Author | : Zhong Yuan Chong |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 219 |
| Release | : 2013-03-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1475721269 |
Analog circuit design has grown in importance because so many circuits cannot be realized with digital techniques. Examples are receiver front-ends, particle detector circuits, etc. Actually, all circuits which require high precision, high speed and low power consumption need analog solutions. High precision also needs low noise. Much has been written already on low noise design and optimization for low noise. Very little is available however if the source is not resistive but capacitive or inductive as is the case with antennas or semiconductor detectors. This book provides design techniques for these types of optimization. This book is thus intended firstly for engineers on senior or graduate level who have already designed their first operational amplifiers and want to go further. It is especially for engineers who do not want just a circuit but the best circuit. Design techniques are given that lead to the best performance within a certain technology. Moreover, this is done for all important technologies such as bipolar, CMOS and BiCMOS. Secondly, this book is intended for engineers who want to understand what they are doing. The design techniques are intended to provide insight. In this way, the design techniques can easily be extended to other circuits as well. Also, the design techniques form a first step towards design automation. Thirdly, this book is intended for analog design engineers who want to become familiar with both bipolar and CMOS technologies and who want to learn more about which transistor to choose in BiCMOS.
| Author | : Ron Mancini |
| Publisher | : Newnes |
| Total Pages | : 470 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0750677015 |
The operational amplifier ("op amp") is the most versatile and widely used type of analog IC, used in audio and voltage amplifiers, signal conditioners, signal converters, oscillators, and analog computing systems. Almost every electronic device uses at least one op amp. This book is Texas Instruments' complete professional-level tutorial and reference to operational amplifier theory and applications. Among the topics covered are basic op amp physics (including reviews of current and voltage division, Thevenin's theorem, and transistor models), idealized op amp operation and configuration, feedback theory and methods, single and dual supply operation, understanding op amp parameters, minimizing noise in op amp circuits, and practical applications such as instrumentation amplifiers, signal conditioning, oscillators, active filters, load and level conversions, and analog computing. There is also extensive coverage of circuit construction techniques, including circuit board design, grounding, input and output isolation, using decoupling capacitors, and frequency characteristics of passive components. The material in this book is applicable to all op amp ICs from all manufacturers, not just TI. Unlike textbook treatments of op amp theory that tend to focus on idealized op amp models and configuration, this title uses idealized models only when necessary to explain op amp theory. The bulk of this book is on real-world op amps and their applications; considerations such as thermal effects, circuit noise, circuit buffering, selection of appropriate op amps for a given application, and unexpected effects in passive components are all discussed in detail. *Published in conjunction with Texas Instruments *A single volume, professional-level guide to op amp theory and applications *Covers circuit board layout techniques for manufacturing op amp circuits.
| Author | : Ron Hogervorst |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 217 |
| Release | : 2013-03-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1475724896 |
Design of Low-Voltage, Low-Power CMOS Operational Amplifier Cells describes the theory and design of the circuit elements that are required to realize a low-voltage, low-power operational amplifier. These elements include constant-gm rail-to-rail input stages, class-AB rail-to-rail output stages and frequency compensation methods. Several examples of each of these circuit elements are investigated. Furthermore, the book illustrates several silicon realizations, giving their measurement results. The text focuses on compact low-voltage low-power operational amplifiers with good performance. Six simple high-performance class-AB amplifiers are realized using a very compact topology making them particularly suitable for use as VLSI library cells. All of the designs can use a supply voltage as low as 3V. One of the amplifier designs dissipates only 50μW with a unity gain frequency of 1.5 MHz. A second set of amplifiers run on a supply voltage slightly above 1V. The amplifiers combine a low power consumption with a gain of 120 dB. In addition, the design of three fully differential operational amplifiers is addressed. Design of Low-Voltage, Low-Power CMOS Operational Amplifier Cells is intended for professional designers of analog circuits. It is also suitable for use as a text book for an advanced course in CMOS operational amplifier design.
