Low Power Cmos Frequency Division And Synthesis At Multi Ghz Frequencies
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Multi-GHz Frequency Synthesis & Division
| Author | : Hamid R. Rategh |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 157 |
| Release | : 2007-05-08 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0306481065 |
In the past 10 years extensive effort has been dedicated to commercial wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. Despite all these efforts, however, none of the existing systems has been successful, mainly due to their low data rates. The increasing demand for WLAN systems that can support data rates in excess of 20 Mb/s enticed the FCC to create an unlicensed national information infrastructure (U–NII) band at 5 GHz. This frequency band provides 300 MHz of spectrum in two segments: a 200 MHz(5.15–5.35 GHz) and a 100 MHz (5.725–5.825 GHz) frequency band. This newly released spectrum, and the fast trend of CMOS scaling, provide an opportunity to design WLAN systems with high data rate and low cost. One of the existing standards at 5 GHz is the European high performance radio LAN (HIPERLAN) standard that supports data rates as high as 20 Mb/s. One of the main building blocks of each wireless system is the f- quency synthesizer. Phase–locked loops (PLLs) are universally used to design radio frequency synthesizers. Reducing the power consumption of the frequency dividers of a PLL has always been a challenge. In this book, we introduce an alternative solution for conventional flipflop based xiv MULTI–GHZ FREQUENCY SYNTHESIS & DIVISION frequency dividers. An injection–locked frequency divider (ILFD) takes advantage of the narrowband nature of the wireless systems and employs resonators to trade off bandwidth for power.
Low-Voltage CMOS RF Frequency Synthesizers
| Author | : Howard Cam Luong |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 200 |
| Release | : 2004-08-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1139454579 |
A frequency synthesizer is one of the most critical building blocks in any wireless transceiver system. Its design is getting more and more challenging as the demand for low-voltage low-power high-frequency wireless systems continuously grows. As the supply voltage is decreased, many existing design techniques are no longer applicable. This book provides the reader with architectures and design techniques to enable CMOS frequency synthesizers to operate at low supply voltage at high frequency with good phase noise and low power consumption. In addition to updating the reader on many of these techniques in depth, this book will also introduce useful guidelines and step-by-step procedure on behaviour simulations of frequency synthesizers. Finally, three successfully demonstrated CMOS synthesizer prototypes with detailed design consideration and description will be elaborated to illustrate potential applications of the architectures and design techniques described. For engineers, managers and researchers working in radio-frequency integrated-circuit design for wireless applications.
CMOS Fractional-N Synthesizers
| Author | : Bram De Muer |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2005-12-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0306480018 |
CMOS Fractional-N Synthesizers starts with a comprehensive introduction to general frequency synthesis. Different architectures and synthesizer building blocks are discussed with their relative importance on synthesizer specifications. The process of synthesizer specification derivation is illustrated with the DCS-1800 standard as a general test case. The book tackles the design of fractional-N synthesizers in CMOS on circuit level as well as system level. The circuit level focuses on high-speed prescaler design up to 12 GHz in CMOS and on fully integrated, low-phase-noise LC-VCO design. High-Q inductor integration and simulation in CMOS is elaborated and flicker noise minimization techniques are presented, ranging from bias point choice to noise filtering techniques. On a higher level, a systematic design strategy has been developed that trades off all noise contributions and fast dynamics for integrated capacitance (area). Moreover, a theoretical DeltaSigma phase noise analysis is presented, extended with a fast non-linear analysis method to accurately predict the influence of PLL non-linearities on the spectral purity of the DeltaSigma fractional-N frequency synthesizers.
CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications
| Author | : Taoufik Bourdi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 215 |
| Release | : 2007-03-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1402059280 |
In this book, the authors outline detailed design methodology for fast frequency hopping synthesizers for RF and wireless communications applications. There is great emphasis on fractional-N delta-sigma based phase locked loops from specifications, system analysis and architecture planning to circuit design and silicon implementation. The developed techniques in the book can help in designing very low noise, high speed fractional-N frequency synthesizers.
Wireless CMOS Frequency Synthesizer Design
| Author | : J. Craninckx |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 284 |
| Release | : 1998-04-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9780792381389 |
The recent boom in the mobile telecommunication market has trapped the interest of almost all electronic and communication companies worldwide. New applications arise every day, more and more countries are covered by digital cellular systems and the competition between the several providers has caused prices to drop rapidly. The creation of this essentially new market would not have been possible without the ap pearance of smalI, low-power, high-performant and certainly low-cost mobile termi nals. The evolution in microelectronics has played a dominant role in this by creating digital signal processing (DSP) chips with more and more computing power and com bining the discrete components of the RF front-end on a few ICs. This work is situated in this last area, i. e. the study of the full integration of the RF transceiver on a single die. Furthermore, in order to be compatible with the digital processing technology, a standard CMOS process without tuning, trimming or post-processing steps must be used. This should flatten the road towards the ultimate goal: the single chip mobile phone. The local oscillator (LO) frequency synthesizer poses some major problems for integration and is the subject of this work. The first, and also the largest, part of this text discusses the design of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The general phase noise theory of LC-oscillators is pre sented, and the concept of effective resistance and capacitance is introduced to char acterize and compare the performance of different LC-tanks.
Fast Hopping Frequency Generation in Digital CMOS
| Author | : Mohammad Farazian |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 158 |
| Release | : 2012-10-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461404908 |
Overcoming the agility limitations of conventional frequency synthesizers in multi-band OFDM ultra wideband is a key research goal in digital technology. This volume outlines a frequency plan that can generate all the required frequencies from a single fixed frequency, able to implement center frequencies with no more than two levels of SSB mixing. It recognizes the need for future synthesizers to bypass on-chip inductors and operate at low voltages to enable the increased integration and efficiency of networked appliances. The author examines in depth the architecture of the dividers that generate the necessary frequencies from a single base frequency and are capable of establishing a fractional division ratio. Presenting the first CMOS inductorless single PLL 14-band frequency synthesizer for MB-OFDMUWB makes this volume a key addition to the literature, and with the synthesizer capable of arbitrary band-hopping in less than two nanoseconds, it operates well within the desired range on a 1.2-volt power supply. The author’s close analysis of the operation, stability, and phase noise of injection-locked regenerative frequency dividers will provide researchers and technicians with much food for developmental thought.
High-speed CMOS Dual-modulus Prescalers for Frequency Synthesis
| Author | : Ranganathan Desikachari |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 126 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Electronic circuit design |
| ISBN | : |
Phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizers lie at the heart of most radio transceivers. An important objective of the electronics and communications industry is to design high-speed building blocks which dissipate the lowest possible power, and to accomplish this with the cheapest technology. The dual-modulus prescaler is one of the key components of a PLL-based frequency synthesizer, operating at gigahertz frequencies. While several previous implementations have utilized the advantages of a high-speed, but expensive technology, the growing trend towards integrating the frequency synthesizer on a single chip is the motivation behind silicon-CMOS implementations. This thesis addresses the issues in the design of CMOS prescalers for frequency synthesis. A design methodology is obtained to improve the performance of integrated prescalers using the current mode style of operation. An 8/9 dual-modulus prescaler prototype has been designed to obtain speeds of the order of 2.5-3 GHz while minimizing the power consumed to 2.5 mW. The circuit was implemented in a 0.25[mu]m National BiCMOS process. Measurement results of the prototype have also been obtained.
