This historical monograph examines the decline of the hacienda estates within Jalisco, Mexico, during the early decades of the twentieth century. The book also explores the impact of the land reform program of President Lázaro Cárdenas in transforming the agrarian economic structure of the region. This study contributes to an ongoing lively debate about the hacienda system and the meaning of Cárdenas’s reforms. This is an important work because it explores the evolution of a regional socioeconomic system that promoted urban industrial growth at the expense of the rural poor. The model of regional development described is applicable to other areas of Mexico and underdeveloped Third World nations with extensive peasant populations. The research for this investigation has wider implications regarding issues of global hunger and malnutrition.