Knowledge as Acceptable Testimony

Knowledge as Acceptable Testimony
Author: Steven L. Reynolds
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2017-06-22
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1108190855

Standard philosophical explanations of the concept of knowledge invoke a personal goal of having true beliefs, and explain the other requirements for knowledge as indicating the best way to achieve that goal. In this highly original book, Steven L. Reynolds argues instead that the concept of knowledge functions to express a naturally developing kind of social control, a complex social norm, and that the main purpose of our practice of saying and thinking that people 'know' is to improve our system for exchanging information, which is testimony. He makes illuminating comparisons of the knowledge norm of testimony with other complex social norms - such as those requiring proper clothing, respectful conversation, and the complementary virtues of tact and frankness - and shows how this account fits with our concept of knowledge as studied in recent analytic epistemology. His book will interest a range of readers in epistemology, psychology, and sociology.

Learning from Words

Learning from Words
Author: Jennifer Lackey
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2010-03-18
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191614564

Testimony is an invaluable source of knowledge. We rely on the reports of those around us for everything from the ingredients in our food and medicine to the identity of our family members. Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in the epistemology of testimony. Despite the multitude of views offered, a single thesis is nearly universally accepted: testimonial knowledge is acquired through the process of transmission from speaker to hearer. In this book, Jennifer Lackey shows that this thesis is false and, hence, that the literature on testimony has been shaped at its core by a view that is fundamentally misguided. She then defends a detailed alternative to this conception of testimony: whereas the views currently dominant focus on the epistemic status of what speakers believe, Lackey advances a theory that instead centers on what speakers say. The upshot is that, strictly speaking, we do not learn from one another's beliefs - we learn from one another's words. Once this shift in focus is in place, Lackey goes on to argue that, though positive reasons are necessary for testimonial knowledge, testimony itself is an irreducible epistemic source. This leads to the development of a theory that gives proper credence to testimony's epistemologically dual nature: both the speaker and the hearer must make a positive epistemic contribution to testimonial knowledge. The resulting view not only reveals that testimony has the capacity to generate knowledge, but it also gives appropriate weight to our nature as both socially indebted and individually rational creatures. The approach found in this book will, then, represent a radical departure from the views currently dominating the epistemology of testimony, and thus is intended to reshape our understanding of the deep and ubiquitous reliance we have on the testimony of those around us.

Knowledge and the State of Nature

Knowledge and the State of Nature
Author: Edward Craig
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Total Pages: 182
Release: 1991-01-03
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191519642

The standard philosophical project of analysing the concept of knowledge has radical defects in its arbitrary restriction of the subject matter, and its risky theoretical presuppositions. Edward Craig suggests a more illuminating approach, akin to the `state of nature' method found in political theory, which builds up the concept from a hypothesis about the social function of knowledge and the needs it fulfils. Light is thrown on much that philosophers have written about knowledge, about its analysis and the obstacles to its analysis (such as the counter-examples of Edmund Gettier), and on the debate over scepticism. It becomes apparent why many languages not only have such constructions as `knows whether' and `knows that', but also have equivalents of `knows how to' and `know' followed by a direct object. Thus the inquiry is both broadened in scope and made theoretically less fragile.

Knowledge from Non-Knowledge

Knowledge from Non-Knowledge
Author: Federico Luzzi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 211
Release: 2019-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 110849191X

Challenges the idea that knowledge of a conclusion requires knowledge of essential premises, a widely accepted concept in epistemology.

The Transmission of Knowledge

The Transmission of Knowledge
Author: John Greco
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2020-08-27
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1108472621

This book examines the relations and structures which enable and inhibit the sharing of knowledge within and across epistemic communities.

Testimony

Testimony
Author: C. A. J. Coady
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Total Pages: 328
Release: 1992-04-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0191519987

The role of testimony in the getting of reliable belief or knowledge is a central but neglected epistemological issue. Western philosophical tradition has paid scant attention to the individual thinker's reliance upon the word of others; yet we are in fact profoundly dependent on others for a vast amount of what any of us claims to know. Professor Coady begins by exploring the nature and depth of our reliance upon testimony, addressing the complex definitional puzzles surrounding the idea. He analyses the tradition of debate on the topic in order to reveal the epistemic individualism which has given rise to an illusory ideal of `autonomous knowledge', and to gain a deeper understanding of the issues. He concludes this part of the book by showing what a feasible justification of testimony as a source of knowledge could be. In the second half of the book the author uses this new view of testimony to challenge certain widespread assumptions in the fields of history, mathematics, psychology, and law.

An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge

An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge
Author: Noah Lemos
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2007-02-15
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9780521842136

Epistemology or the theory of knowledge is one of the cornerstones of analytic philosophy, and this book provides a clear and accessible introduction to the subject. It discusses some of the main theories of justification, including foundationalism, coherentism, reliabilism, and virtue epistemology. Other topics include the Gettier problem, internalism and externalism, skepticism, the problem of epistemic circularity, the problem of the criterion, a priori knowledge, and naturalized epistemology. Intended primarily for students taking a first class in epistemology, this lucid and well-written text would also provide an excellent introduction for anyone interested in knowing more about this important area of philosophy.

Achieving Knowledge

Achieving Knowledge
Author: John Greco
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 217
Release: 2010-04-22
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0521193915

Argues that knowledge is a kind of achievement, exploring questions of what it is and what kind of value it has.