The monograph is divided into four parts. The work starts with Preface in which Vasil Gluchman presents socio-political, socio-cultural and ideological context of the first half of the twentieth century and the situation in Slovakia (and Central Europe) in this historical period, placing this monograph and the works of individual contributors into the context of the given era. The first part deals with philosophical and ethical issues arising from the examination of morality at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This part creates the methodological starting point for the examinations presented in the next three parts of the monograph. The second part focuses on the development of philosophical and ethical reflection of morality in Slovakia in the given era. The third part examines socio-political and professional-ethical aspects of the development and functioning of morality in Slovakia in the first half of the 20th century. Reflections of morality in Slovakia in the Slovak literature of the first half of the 20th century are the object of interest in the fourth part of the monograph.